{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:27:14Z","timestamp":1777930034727,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify and characterize latent trajectories of depression using growth mixture modeling (GMM) applied to irregularly timed assessments spanning up to 20 years post-injury, examine baseline rehabilitation variables significantly associated with trajectory membership, and determine predictors of sustained depressive burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational cohort study included adults with traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury admitted for inpatient rehabilitation within 3 months post-injury (2005\u20132023), with follow-up extending until May 2025. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) at admission, discharge, and follow-up, totaling 3,258 assessments (n\u2009=\u2009679 patients). GMM identified latent trajectories while accommodating irregularly spaced assessments. Predictors of trajectory membership were analyzed through multivariable regression with quantified model discrimination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3-class GMM solution provided optimal fit (entropy=0.75). Most participants (81.6%) followed a stable low-depression trajectory (Class 1). A borderline depression trajectory (Class 2; 8.4%) remained persistently elevated, while a probable depression trajectory (Class 3; 10.0%) displayed delayed worsening peaking at 5\u20137 years post-injury. Class 3 included a significantly higher proportion of non-traumatic injuries (63%) and females (44.1%), with most patients (85.3%) showing no depressive symptoms during rehabilitation, but later exhibiting a marked increase in depressive burden. Logistic regression predicting Class 2 achieved good discrimination (AUC=0.81; 95% CI, 0.65\u20130.97), identifying baseline depressive symptoms, tetraplegia, female sex, and primary level of education as significant predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irregularly sampled follow-ups revealed distinct depression trajectories, including delayed-onset risk. Findings emphasize early rehabilitation-based screening and long-term monitoring to target follow-up and psychological support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135261433166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:38:23Z","timestamp":1774528703000},"page":"486-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling Long-Term Depression Trajectories After Spinal Cord Injury Using Irregularly Sampled Assessments and Rehabilitation Baseline Predictors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-8334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rudolph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Dolors","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gilabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloy","family":"Opisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Saur\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2021.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2011-0672"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00047-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.10.083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0361-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.07.442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06828-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"1371553","article-title":"Recommendations for long-term follow-up care of secondary health conditions in Spinal Cord Injury\/disorder: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Eriks-Hoogland I.","unstructured":"Eriks-Hoogland I., Jordan X., Baumberger M., Seijas V., Huber B., Michel F., Thietje R., M\u00fcller L. 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