{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:36:49Z","timestamp":1786534609521,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upper extremity (UE) recovery in individuals with subacute stroke often plateaus despite conventional physical therapy (CPT). Smartphone-based virtual reality (VR) represents a low-cost, semi-immersive approach that may enhance task-specific training and neuroplasticity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether CPT augmented with smartphone-based VR improves UE function more than CPT alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-seven participants (28 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group) with stroke in the subacute stage (6 weeks\u20136 months post-stroke) and moderate UE impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment\u2013Upper Extremity [FMA-UE] score 20\u201350) were randomized to receive either CPT plus smartphone-based VR or CPT alone, five sessions per week for six weeks. Outcomes included motor impairment (FMA-UE), activity-level dexterity (Purdue Pegboard Test), and muscle strength (grip strength).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups demonstrated significant improvements (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements across all outcomes, with large effect sizes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smartphone-based VR providing semi-immersive, gaze-driven interaction with virtual tasks significantly enhances UE recovery and represents a scalable adjunct to rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135261456309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T08:15:57Z","timestamp":1781165757000},"page":"74-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smartphone-Based Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality Enhances Upper Extremity Function in Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7117-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abd El-Hamied Ibrahim El-Sayed Mohammad","family":"El-Sherbini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, National Institute of Longevity Elder Sciences (NILES), Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0483-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreen Ibrahim","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Neuromuscular Disorders and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5674-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dany Alphonse Anwar","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Neurology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Suez University, Suez, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0018-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanaa Mohsen","family":"Abd-Elfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy, Badr University, Badr, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0237-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hager Rasmy","family":"Elserougy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Diseases and Surgeries of the Neuromuscular System, College of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0370-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-009-0387-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Virtual reality-based rehabilitation improves motor function after stroke","volume":"41","author":"Cameir\u00e3o M. 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