{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:18:46Z","timestamp":1787933926036,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) commonly impairs cervico-mandibular mobility and motor coordination due to increased muscle tone and altered postural control, potentially affecting head stability and orofacial function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the immediate effects of exercise- and manual therapy\u2013based interventions on temporomandibular and cervical mobility in children with spastic CP, contrasting active versus passive rehabilitation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-blind, randomized crossover trial included 52 children with spastic CP (mean age 10.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4 years; GMFCS levels I\u2013IV). Each received one exercise and one manual therapy session in randomized order with a one-week interval. Owing to missed second-week appointments, 44 children completed the exercise session and 48 completed the manual therapy session, resulting in partial crossover completion. Mandibular range of motion (maximal opening, lateral deviation, protrusion), cervical range of motion (flexion, extension, rotation), and craniovertebral angle were assessed immediately before and after each intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both interventions produced significant immediate improvements in mandibular and cervical mobility (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Exercise resulted in greater gains in selected active mandibular movements, whereas manual therapy elicited larger improvements in cervical mobility. Craniovertebral angle increased following both interventions, with no significant between-intervention difference, indicating comparable effects on head posture. Effect sizes were moderate to large, and no carryover effects were detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise and manual therapy induce modality-specific immediate neuromechanical responses in the cervico-mandibular system in children with spastic CP. These findings reflect short-term rather than long-term effects and suggest both approaches may be considered in individualized pediatric neurorehabilitation planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135261463254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T05:45:20Z","timestamp":1782884720000},"page":"218-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immediate Effects of Exercise and Manual Therapy on Cervico-Mandibular Mobility and Postural Alignment in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Baykan \u00c7opuro\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Incesu Ay\u015fe and Saffet Arslan Vocational School of Health Services, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baki Umut","family":"Tu\u011fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammet Furkan","family":"Vatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentetik Oral and Dental Health Polyclinic, \u0130stanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03840-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-71571-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2024.103198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-022-00694-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.113267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","volume-title":"Mosby\u2019s orthodontic review-e-Book: Mosby\u2019s orthodontic review-e-Book","author":"Greco P. M.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Greco P. M., Michelotti A. (2025). Temporomandibular disorders. In Mosby\u2019s orthodontic review-e-Book: Mosby\u2019s orthodontic review-e-Book (Vol. 101). Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1266345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2479587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2019.1665227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaf070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55014\/pij.v7i3.637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2024.106001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Manual orofacial stimulation and its impact on children with cerebral palsy","volume":"63","author":"Marin D.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marin D., C\u0103ciulan E., Bota A., Gherghel C. (2024). Manual orofacial stimulation and its impact on children with cerebral palsy. 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