{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:19:01Z","timestamp":1787933941394,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hand and wrist spasticity is a common post-stroke complication that compromises quality of life and functional independence. Because conventional stretching is time-intensive, devices that enable consistent, minimally supervised stretching may improve long-term management. This study evaluated the efficacy of Hand Stretcher\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , a novel dynamic stretching device, for reducing spasticity and improving hand function in patients with chronic stroke.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty chronic stroke patients (&gt;12 months post-stroke) with mild upper limb motor weakness (Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) grade3\u20134) and mild-to-moderate spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)\u2009&lt;\u20093) were enrolled. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (n\u2009=\u200915), which used the dynamic passive stretching device 4 times daily for 15\u201320\u2005min per session, 7 days a week, over 2 months, and a control group (n\u2009=\u200915). Both groups also received conventional rehabilitation. Outcomes included MAS, MMT, Manual Functional Test, and Brunnstrom stage, assessed at baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), and end of the 2-month intervention period (T2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only the intervention group showed significant reductions in wrist and finger flexor spasticity with no serious adverse events. Manual Functional Test and Brunnstrom stage also improved at T2. No significant changes in wrist or finger extensor strength (MMT) were observed in either group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two months of intensive use of the Hand Stretcher\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      significantly reduced wrist and finger flexor spasticity without concurrent gains in extensor strength in patients with chronic stroke. These preliminary findings support the device's potential as a safe, practical adjunct to conventional rehabilitation in post-stroke recovery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration Number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (KCT 0010204).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135261465903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:34:47Z","timestamp":1783074887000},"page":"302-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Flexor Spasticity in Patients with Chronic Stroke Using a Dynamic Wrist-Hand Stretching Device: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Jacob","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Arts &amp; Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philbert","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational &amp; Environmental Medicine, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip Siwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J&amp;P Robotics, Fullerton, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gun Seo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon-Taek","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2011.2157705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/46.4.357"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Influence of different types of hand splints on flexor spasticity in stroke patients","volume":"7","author":"Fayez E. 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