{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:37:25Z","timestamp":1793367445998,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effects of virtual reality versus whole-body vibration on quadriceps muscle strength and balance in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (1:1 allocation), 50 ambulatory boys with DMD (aged 6\u201310 years; AFCSD levels I-II) were recruited from Cairo University's outpatient clinic. Both groups received a structured physical therapy program (warm-up, stretching, isometric contractions) three times weekly for 12 weeks. VR Group (n\u2009=\u200925) additionally performed 10\u2005min of semi-immersive VR (Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Board). WBV Group (n\u2009=\u200925) additionally performed 10\u2005min of side alternating WBV (30\u2005Hz, 2\u2005mm amplitude). The primary outcome was isometric quadriceps strength (Lafayette manual muscle tester). Secondary outcomes were overall stability index (OSI), anterior-posterior stability index (APSI), and medial-lateral stability index (MLSI) measured by the Biodex Balance System. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks by assessors blinded to group allocation. A mixed MANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant treatment time interaction was observed (F\u2009=\u200922.31, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7p\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.85). At 12 weeks, the VR group showed significantly greater improvements than the WBV group in right quadriceps strength (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7p\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.742), left quadriceps strength (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7p\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.757), OSI (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7p\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.346), APSI (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7p\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.737), and MLSI (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7p\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.335). No adverse events were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In ambulatory children with DMD, a 12-week VR-based intervention produced greater improvements in isometric quadriceps strength and dynamic postural stability compared to WBV. These findings support VR as a motivating adjunct to physical therapy, though functional outcomes and longer follow-up are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135261473293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:11:36Z","timestamp":1785885096000},"page":"405-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Virtual Reality Versus Whole-Body Vibration on Muscle Strength and Balance in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa S","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University"},{"name":"Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7787-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Usama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Efficacy of two intervention approaches on functional walking capacity and balance in children with Duchene muscular dystrophy","volume":"21","author":"Abd El Aziz A. 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