{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:03:25Z","timestamp":1789977805273,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the short-term effects of adding a 4-week radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) program to standardized physiotherapy on spasticity, walking performance, lower-extremity motor function, and health-related quality of life in chronic stroke patients with plantar flexor spasticity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective, single-blind, sham-controlled trial, 85 chronic stroke survivors were randomized to active rESWT (n\u2009=\u200943; 0.10\u20130.20\u2005mJ\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 4000\u20136000 pulses\/session, 3 sessions\/week) plus physiotherapy or sham rESWT plus physiotherapy for 4 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and Week 4. The primary outcome was the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Secondary outcomes included the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment\u2013Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) scale. Between-group treatment effects were estimated with baseline-adjusted analysis of covariance and are reported with 95% confidence intervals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjusted mean differences favored the rESWT group for MAS (\u22120.56; 95% CI \u22120.77 to \u22120.35), 10MWT (\u22121.41\u2005s; \u22121.87 to \u22120.96), TUG (\u22122.46\u2005s; \u22123.19 to \u22121.74), FMA-LE (4.42; 3.62 to 5.23), and SS-QOL (11.73; 9.15 to 14.31), all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001. Median MAS decreased from 2 to 1 in the rESWT group versus no change in controls. The 6MWT did not differ significantly between groups (\u22126.26\u2005m; \u221215.27 to 2.74). No adverse events occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adding rESWT to physiotherapy produced short-term improvements in spasticity, walking, functional mobility, motor function, and quality of life. Long-term efficacy and safety require further study.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: \u201cThis field has been blinded\u201d.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135261486875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:08:58Z","timestamp":1789740538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-Term Effects of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Addition to Physiotherapy on Spasticity, Walking Performance, and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2685-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Zeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osmaniye \u00d6zel Park Hospital, Osmaniye, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Salih","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u0130stanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, \u0130stanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2023.2271164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6315\/3005-3846.2246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2024.23270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410017215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002694"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on lower limb post-stroke spasticity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Mihai E. E.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mihai E. E., Dumitru L., Mihai I. V., Berteanu M. (2021). Long-term efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on lower limb post-stroke spasticity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(1), 1\u201319. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10010086","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2023.11607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2278185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2025.14800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2023.1169087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16020098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.17.04801-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"755","article-title":"Effects of whole body vibration combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spasticity and balance gait parameters in hemiplegic patients with stroke","volume":"47","author":"Xiao L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao L., Liu C., Li Y., Deng Y., Xie B., Lin F., Xiao H. (2022). Effects of whole body vibration combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spasticity and balance gait parameters in hemiplegic patients with stroke. Journal of Central South University (Medical Sciences), 47(6), 755\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11817\/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220063","journal-title":"Journal of Central South University (Medical Sciences)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01473-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-025-01724-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2023.2255413"}],"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538135261486875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538135261486875","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538135261486875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:17:41Z","timestamp":1789975061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538135261486875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538135261486875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538135261486875","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"article-number":"10538135261486875"}}