{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:17:17Z","timestamp":1783469837288,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]],"date-time":"2012-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The background of this article is that assessment and quantification of skin color is important to health care; color is one indicator of overall health and is linked to oxygenation, tissue perfusion, nutritional status, and injury. The purpose is to describe how skin color varies across racial\/ethnic groups so that the information can be applied to clinical practice. The method used is cross-sectional, descriptive design (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 257). We recorded self-defined race\/ethnicity and used a spectrophotometer to measure skin color at two anatomic sites. Skin color variables included L* (light\/dark), a* (red\/green), and b* (yellow\/blue). As regards results, we found significant differences in L*, a*, and b* values by site and race\/ethnicity in White, Asian, and Biracial participants. L*:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3, 233) = 139.04,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3, 233) = 118.47,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01. Black participants had significantly lower mean L* values and wider ranges of L*, a*, and b* as compared with other groups. In regard to application, these findings suggest that clinicians and researchers should plan and provide care based on skin color, rather than race\/ethnicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773812446510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]],"date-time":"2012-05-29T20:24:33Z","timestamp":1338323073000},"page":"495-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Making Sense of Skin Color in Clinical Care"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Janine S.","family":"Everett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, PA, USA"},{"name":"Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Budescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn S.","family":"Sommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Noninvasive computerized analysis of skin chromophores in vivo by reflectance spectroscopy","volume":"7","author":"Andersen P. 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