{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:34:38Z","timestamp":1777516478758,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study, examining the mediation effects of depression and anxiety on the association between discrimination and readiness to quit cigarette smoking among African American adult cigarette smokers experiencing homelessness. Using a convenience sample, participants were recruited from a homeless shelter in Southern California. Scores of discrimination, depressive, and anxiety symptoms, and readiness to quit smoking were analyzed using linear regression modeling. We enrolled 100 participants; 58 participants were male. In the final model, discrimination had no association with readiness to quit ( b\u2009=\u20090.02; 95% CI [\u22120.04, 0.08]; p\u2009=\u20090.47). The indirect effects of depression ( b\u2009=\u20090.04, [0.01, 0.07]; p\u2009=\u20090.02) and anxiety ( b\u2009=\u20090.03; [0.01, 0.05]; p\u2009=\u20090.04) reached statistical significance; the direct effects of depression ( b\u2009=\u2009\u22120.01; [\u22120.09, 0.04]; p\u2009=\u20090.70) and anxiety ( b\u2009=\u2009\u22120.00; [\u22120.09, 0.06]; p\u2009=\u20090.86) did not. Future studies should explore these associations to enhance smoking cessation programs for this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738231183210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T01:33:05Z","timestamp":1687829585000},"page":"1081-1091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discrimination, Mental Health, and Readiness to Quit Smoking"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandria","family":"Jones-Patten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghyuk S.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4116-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn T.","family":"Bounds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Nyamathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10547738231183210","first-page":"1048","volume":"2","author":"Adhikari S. B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine & Community Health"},{"key":"bibr2-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515"},{"key":"bibr3-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-316706"},{"key":"bibr4-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.11.005"},{"key":"bibr5-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040061"},{"key":"bibr6-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.077"},{"key":"bibr7-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.03.024"},{"key":"bibr8-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"bibr9-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15238"},{"key":"bibr10-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.10.5.360"},{"key":"bibr11-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq038"},{"key":"bibr12-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu088"},{"key":"bibr13-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-021-00217-x"},{"key":"bibr14-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200500330118"},{"key":"bibr15-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04439"},{"key":"bibr16-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.08.006"},{"key":"bibr17-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.2.295"},{"key":"bibr18-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-014-9747-2"},{"key":"bibr19-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-215998"},{"key":"bibr20-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.39.2.1"},{"key":"bibr21-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2019.1660287"},{"key":"bibr22-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.3.340"},{"key":"bibr23-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x"},{"key":"bibr24-10547738231183210","unstructured":"Henry M., Watt R., Mahathey A., Ouellette J., Sitler A. & Abt Associates. (2020). The 2019 annual homeless assessment report to congress: Part 1: Point-in-time estimates of homelessness. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington DC. https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/2019-AHAR-Part-1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr25-10547738231183210","volume-title":"Discrimination experiences and mental health outcomes among African American homeless smokers","author":"Jones-Patten A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr26-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt198"},{"key":"bibr27-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2018.1549180"},{"key":"bibr28-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.07.037"},{"key":"bibr29-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4454"},{"key":"bibr30-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.012"},{"key":"bibr31-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.007"},{"key":"bibr32-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106220"},{"key":"bibr33-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz001"},{"key":"bibr34-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945910388948"},{"key":"bibr35-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2018.79.171"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr36-10547738231183210","first-page":"1079","volume":"3","author":"Ojo-Fati O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine"},{"key":"bibr37-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200500494971"},{"key":"bibr38-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2021.1935650"},{"key":"bibr39-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1228678"},{"key":"bibr40-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1188957"},{"key":"bibr41-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2019.1702248"},{"key":"bibr42-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.10.025"},{"key":"bibr43-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6987-7"},{"key":"bibr44-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300694"},{"key":"bibr45-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"bibr46-10547738231183210","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"bibr47-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106610"},{"key":"bibr48-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2016.1170143"},{"key":"bibr49-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-016-9571-9"},{"key":"bibr50-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106711"},{"key":"bibr51-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106788"},{"key":"bibr52-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-020-09281-5"},{"key":"bibr53-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206390"},{"key":"bibr54-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"bibr55-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv092"},{"key":"bibr56-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-015-0040-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr57-10547738231183210","volume":"59","author":"Tingley D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis"},{"key":"bibr58-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100398"},{"key":"bibr59-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(00)00133-1"},{"key":"bibr60-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117117729928"},{"key":"bibr61-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305"},{"key":"bibr62-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.1.69"},{"key":"bibr63-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.43.3.8"},{"key":"bibr64-10547738231183210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651257"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nursing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10547738231183210","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10547738231183210","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10547738231183210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:58:50Z","timestamp":1777391930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10547738231183210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10547738231183210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10547738231183210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-7738","1552-3799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-7738","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]}}}