{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:36:00Z","timestamp":1777516560766,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG067631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG067631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Music is one nonpharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety and stress for mechanically ventilated patients. Efficient delivery of a music listening intervention can be enhanced through digital tools such as a mobile application (app) loaded onto an electronic tablet device. The objective of this study is to describe the iterative development and deployment of a novel app (Soundese) to deliver, record, and retrieve data associated with a two-arm randomized, blinded clinical trial testing music listening intervention compared to control silence condition on delirium severity among critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) older adult patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support. The Soundese mobile app was developed to deliver either experimental music listening intervention or a silence control listening condition to a sample of older adults receiving mechanical ventilatory support in the ICU and retrieve all protocol data. The Soundese app was developed using the Swift software language and is compatible with all iOS devices. The Soundese app consists of two components: (1) a mobile app that delivers the assigned, blinded listening intervention from an iPad through headphones to each subject and automatically logs each listening session, its duration, the randomization arm, and uploads these data to a server, and (2) an analysis app that generates a spreadsheet with summarized data of the respective listening session, music details, and reports for further analyses. A Dropbox application programmer interface enabled the secure storage of files on a designated Dropbox account. After initial field testing and iterative development changes based on research staff feedback, the Soundese app delivers the assigned experimental listening condition or silence control condition when deployed remotely in the field. The app\u2019s mobile nature allows for immediate and automatic data capture, which is summarized for statistical analysis. There is no need for any manual recording of any intervention data by busy ICU staff, including listening time or music selections. The Soundese mobile app efficiently delivers the research protocol with fidelity and collects the necessary data for an ICU-based clinical trial. The app may be useful in other clinical trials testing music listening interventions in various settings or for deploying other audio-based interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738251323007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T07:48:51Z","timestamp":1742284131000},"page":"186-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Deployment of a Music Listening Intervention Mobile Application for a Two-Group Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6922-7551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda L.","family":"Chlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Professor of Nursing, and Associate Dean for Nursing Research, Division of Nursing Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph Hunter","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research, Mayo Clinic and Area 10 Labs LLC, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Heiderscheit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sikandar H.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"},{"name":"Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA"},{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salwa","family":"Moiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babar A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"},{"name":"Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA"},{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"465","volume-title":"Guided imagery and music: The Bonny method and beyond","author":"Bonde L. O.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonde L. O. (2019). Models and techniques for understanding the GIM music programs. In Grocke D. (Ed.), Guided imagery and music: The Bonny method and beyond (2nd ed., pp. 465\u2013480). Barcelona Publishers.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"GIM: Monograph 2: The role of taped music programs in the GIM process","author":"Bonny H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bonny H. (1998). GIM: Monograph 2: The role of taped music programs in the GIM process. ICM Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y. F. Chang M. Y. Chow L. H. Ma W. F. (2021). Effectiveness of music-based intervention in improving uncomfortable symptoms in ICU patients: An umbrella review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(21) 11500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph182111500","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chlan L. Heiderscheit A. (2009). A tool for music preference assessment in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support. Music Therapy Perspectives 27(1) 42\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mtp\/27.1.42","DOI":"10.1093\/mtp\/27.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chlan L. L. Weinert C. R. Heiderscheit A. Tracy M. F. Skaar D. J. Guttormson J. L. Savik K. (2013). Effects of patient-directed music intervention on anxiety and sedative exposure in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 309(22) 2335\u20132344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.5670","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox C. E. Ashana D. C. Riley I. L. Olsen M. K. Casarett D. Haines K. L. O\u2019Keefe Y. A. Al-Hegelan M. Harrison R. W. Naglee C. Katz J. N. Yang H. Pratt E. H. Gu J. Dempsey K. Docherty S. L. Johnson K. S. (2024). Mobile application-based communication facilitation platform for family members of critically ill patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open 7(1) e2349666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.49666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.49666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dayuan Z. Lan L. Hui C. Huanjie L. Deliang L. Yihui D. (2022). The effect of music as an intervention for post-stroke depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 71 102901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dingle G. A. Sharman L. S. Bauer Z. Beckman E. Broughton M. Bunzli E. Davidson R. Draper G. Fairley S. Farrell C. Flynn L. M. Gomersall S. Hong M. Larwood J. Lee C. Lee J. Nitschinsk L. Peluso N. Reedman S. E. . . . Wright O. R. L. (2021). How do music activities affect health and well-being? A scoping review of studies examining psychosocial mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology 12 713818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.713818","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.713818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"Electron. (2023). Build cross-platform desktop apps. Retrieved July 1 2023 from https:\/\/www.electronjs.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.95889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","volume-title":"Designing and implementing a music listening intervention","author":"Heiderscheit A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heiderscheit A. (2023, May). Designing and implementing a music listening intervention. Paper presented at the American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heiderscheit A. Johnson K. Chlan L. (2022). Analysis of preferred music of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine 28(6) 517\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jicm.2021.0446","DOI":"10.1089\/jicm.2021.0446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez-Ruiz E. James B. Noll J. Chrysikou E. (2020). What makes music relaxing? An investigation into musical elements. Psychology of Music 48(3) 327\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0305735618798027","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735618798027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"Ionic Framework. (2023). The cross-platform development leader. Retrieved July 1 2023 from https:\/\/ionicframework.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan S. H. Xu C. Purpura R. Durrani S. Lindroth H. Wang S. Gao S. Heiderscheit A. Chlan L. Boustani M. Khan B. A. (2020). Decreasing delirium through music: A randomized pilot trial. American Journal of Critical Care 29(2) e31\u2013e38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2020175","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2020175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee H. Y. Nam E. S. Chai G. J. Kim D. M. (2023). Benefits of music intervention on anxiety pain and physiologic response in adults undergoing surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Nursing Research. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anr.2023.05.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2023.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328314dd01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47513\/mmd.v6i2.182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seyffert S. Moiz S. Coghlan M. Balozian P. Nasser J. Rached E. A. Jamil Y. Naqvi K. Rawlings L. Perkins A. J. Gao S. Hunter J. D.3rd Khan S. Heiderscheit A. Chlan L. L. Khan B. (2022). Decreasing delirium through music listening (DDM) in critically ill mechanically ventilated older adults in the intensive care unit: A two-arm parallel-group randomized clinical trial. Trials 23(1) 576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-022-06448-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06448-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stretch B. Shepherd S. J. (2021). Criteria for intensive care unit admission and severity of illness. Surgery 39 22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mpsur.2020.11.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2020.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viola E. Martorana M. Airoldi C. Meini C. Ceriotti D. De Vito M. De Ambrosi D. Faggiano F. (2023). The role of music in promoting health and wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Public Health. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad063","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zang L. Cheng C. Zhou Y. Liu X. (2023). Music therapy effect on anxiety reduction among patients with cancer: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology 13 1028934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1028934","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1028934"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nursing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10547738251323007","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10547738251323007","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10547738251323007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:59:06Z","timestamp":1777391946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10547738251323007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10547738251323007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10547738251323007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-7738","1552-3799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-7738","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}