{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:00:39Z","timestamp":1787695239444,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K12HD108269-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K12HD108269-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Health problems associated with post-acute COVID-19, also known as \u201cLong COVID,\u201d range from mild to severe. The best defense against this potentially serious condition is to prevent COVID-19 infection and reinfection. The same preventive measures for COVID-19 may be used to help prevent the spread of Long COVID. This study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine whether and how public understanding and awareness of Long COVID and its prevention shape the adoption of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009605 English-speaking U.S.-based adults were recruited via Qualtrics. Predictors of intention to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors were investigated. Outcomes included behaviors relevant to preventing both acute and Long COVID. Across all models, except the one examining intent to get a vaccine booster, Black respondents were more likely than White respondents to express intent to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors. In addition, HBM constructs added significantly to the regression models. Susceptibility to Long COVID was significant for all behavioral outcomes (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), self-efficacy for wearing a mask (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and self-efficacy for testing for COVID-19 after exposure and before a social event (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In addition, perceived benefits for Long COVID prevention predicted intent of mask-wearing (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), testing before a social event (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002), and getting a vaccine booster (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001). Perceived severity of Long COVID did not significantly predict adherence to preventive behaviors. U.S. adults are more likely to express intent to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors, such as masking and receiving booster vaccines, when they report feeling greater susceptibility to Long COVID as well as greater self-efficacy for engaging in these preventive behaviors. Public health messaging about Long COVID with incorporation of HBM constructs may be an effective means of increasing continued recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviors, which also hold co-benefits for prevention of infections, such as influenza and measles, as well as emerging viruses such as avian flu.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738251360170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T04:18:35Z","timestamp":1754453915000},"page":"267-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Staying Safe for the Long Haul: A Health Belief Model Analysis of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Through the Lens of Long COVID"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanine P.D.","family":"Guidry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linnea I.","family":"Laestadius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph J. Zilber College of Public Health, University of Wisconsin \u2013 Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0557-6020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candace W.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul B.","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Data Science, Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1003-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa D.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Chelimsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raouf","family":"Gharbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Cuddeback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kellie E.","family":"Carlyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Public Health, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"American Society for Microbiology. (2025). Mitigating Chronic Disease Depends on Infection Prevention. American Society for Microbiology. Retrieved April 30 from https:\/\/asm.org\/articles\/2025\/march\/mitigating-chronic-disease-depends-on-infection-pr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballering A. V. van Zon S. K. R. Hartman T. C. O. Rosmalen J. G. M. Initiative L. C. R. (2022). Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: An observational cohort study. 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