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To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of personalized music intervention combined with earplugs (MUSE) and personalized music intervention (PMI) on delirium prevention and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients. In this randomized controlled trial, 63 participants were assigned to MUSE, PMI, or usual care (UC). Delirium was assessed during each nursing shift using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, alongside measures of pain, sedation, sleep, and clinical outcomes. The delirium incidence was 50% in the UC group, 25% in the PMI group, and 33% in the MUSE group. The median number of delirium or coma-free days was 7 (interquartile range [IQR]\u2009=\u20094\u20137) in the PMI group, 5 (IQR\u2009=\u20094\u20137) in the MUSE group, and 5 (IQR\u2009=\u20093\u20137) in the UC group. No significant between-group differences in either primary or secondary outcomes were identified. The exploratory post hoc subgroup analysis indicates that age may influence the effects of treatment on delirium. In this pilot study, neither MUSE nor PMI had significant effects in reducing delirium incidence among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation when compared with UC. However, PMI appeared more effective at preventing delirium relative to MUSE and UC, and the potential additional benefit of earplugs remains uncertain in this study. This study is registered at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    . Trial registration number is NCT04065256.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738261445264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:58:07Z","timestamp":1779530287000},"page":"300-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Use of Personalized Music Intervention and Earplugs (MUSE) to Prevent Delirium in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ting-Jhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University, Taiwan"},{"name":"University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan"},{"name":"Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Traynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University, Taiwan"},{"name":"University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Critical Care Research in Collaboration and Evidence Translation, Liverpool, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Liverpool Hospital, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan"},{"name":"South Western Sydney Nursing and Midwifery Research Alliance, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Wei","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Rung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Chun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin Shu-Leung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6419-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiao-Yean","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nursing Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arbabi M. 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