{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:42:24Z","timestamp":1777524144204,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study introduces digital image correlation (DIC) as a novel technology to objectively quantify pediatric facial symmetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive cohort study of patients\u2019 facial symmetry as measured by DIC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Academic tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>9 of 12 identified facial palsy and 13 of 26 identified control subjects participated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DIC was used to quantify facial strain and symmetry as patients made the 5 standard Sunnybrook facial expressions. Each subject was evaluated according to the Sunnybrook scale by 4 evaluators, 3 plastic surgeons, and 1 occupational therapist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The percentage asymmetry values were calculated and compared between the facial palsy and control groups using both DIC and Sunnybrook.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using DIC, facial palsy subjects had 32.99% asymmetry compared with 14.84% in controls ( P &lt; .01). Using Sunnybrook, facial palsy subjects had 24.11% asymmetry compared to 3.87% in controls ( P &lt; .01). The 2 metrics were positively correlated ( P &lt; .01). There was significant variability among the Sunnybrook evaluators ( P = .02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DIC is a novel technique of objectively quantifying facial motion of the animated face. As surgical and medical approaches toward facial palsy expand, it is essential to have a means to compare results and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617721927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T14:32:19Z","timestamp":1515162739000},"page":"119-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantifying Pediatric Facial Palsy:"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 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