{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:42:30Z","timestamp":1777524150333,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the early reading abilities, and related cognitive-linguistic processes, in bilingual children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P), and to identify deficits that might be amenable to intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilingual participants with CL\/P aged 5 to 6 years who were English-dominant ( n=17) or Mandarin-dominant ( n=18) were recruited using consecutive sampling from a national cleft treatment center and matched pairwise to a sample of typically developing (TD) children on language dominance, age, and socioeconomic status. All participants were assessed in English on single-word reading accuracy using the Wide Range Achievement Test (4th Ed), and key cognitive-linguistic factors associated with reading development: phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), receptive and expressive vocabulary, and verbal short-term and working memory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CL\/P and TD groups were compared within language dominance group (Mandarin or English) for all measures. The Mandarin-dominant CL\/P group had significantly poorer reading accuracy and phonological awareness than their TD peers. Additionally, regardless of language dominance, faster RAN correlated significantly with better reading accuracy in both the CL\/P groups but not the TD groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with CL\/P who are learning English as a second language are at greater risk of reading difficulties. Furthermore, the cognitive-linguistic processes underlying early reading in bilingual children with CL\/P differ from those of their TD peers. Routine screening and tailored intervention is advisable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617723923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T12:44:55Z","timestamp":1516365895000},"page":"259-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early Reading Abilities of Bilingual Children With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Michelle Heng Yue","family":"Cheong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selena Ee-Li","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn Patricia Chuan Yu","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Lay Choo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan Jane","family":"Rickard Liow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1055665617723923","unstructured":"American Academy of Audiology. 2011. 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