{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:46:22Z","timestamp":1784357182073,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of child speech intelligibility and rate on caregivers\u2019 linguistic responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared the language use of children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP\u00b1L) and their caregivers\u2019 responses. Descriptive analyses of children\u2019s language and caregivers\u2019 responses and a multilevel analysis of caregiver responsivity were conducted to determine whether there were differences in children\u2019s productive language and caregivers\u2019 responses to different types of child utterances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Play-based caregiver-child interactions were video recorded in a clinic setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight children (19 toddlers with nonsyndromic repaired CP\u00b1L and 19 toddlers with typical language development) between 17 and 37 months old and their primary caregivers participated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child and caregiver measures were obtained from transcribed and coded video recordings and included the rate, total number of words, and number of different words spoken by children and their caregivers, intelligibility of child utterances, and form of caregiver responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from this study suggest caregivers are highly responsive to toddlers\u2019 communication attempts, regardless of the intelligibility of those utterances. However, opportunities to respond were fewer for children with CP\u00b1L. Significant differences were observed in children\u2019s intelligibility and productive language and in caregivers\u2019 use of questions in response to unintelligible utterances of children with and without CP\u00b1L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides information about differences in children with CP\u00b1L\u2019s language use and caregivers\u2019 responses to spoken language of toddlers with and without CP\u00b1L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617727000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T12:44:55Z","timestamp":1516365895000},"page":"276-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Influences of Child Intelligibility and Rate on Caregiver Responses to Toddlers With and Without Cleft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Frey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education and Disability Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann P.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy J.","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1055665617727000","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III","author":"Bayley 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