{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:19:55Z","timestamp":1788545995062,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if patients with cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P) from a Western Australian (WA) cohort were more dissatisfied with their body esteem than a normative non-cleft cohort, and identify demographic variables that may have significant associations with body esteem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Questionnaire study using the Body-Esteem Scale (BES) and Cleft Research Questionnaire (CRQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-selected participants from a Western Australian CL\/P population across 3 age groups (n=359).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BES is comprised of 3 factors: BE-Appearance, BE-Weight and BE-Attribution. Study mean BES factor scores were compared to normative non-cleft scores. Regression analysis was used to determine significant associations within each age group between BES factor scores and CRQ variables of: gender, self-reported body weight category, cleft type and importance of facial appearance rating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study mean BE-Attribution scores were significantly lower than the normative scores and significantly lower than the mean BE-Appearance and BE-Weight factor scores within the same age groups of this study. Having a cleft type of lip and palate, being overweight, and placing a high importance on facial appearance had significant negative associations with BES scores. Maintaining a normal body weight and placing a lower level of importance on facial appearance had significant positive associations. Gender had no significant associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the attribution aspect of body esteem had a greater negative impact on patients than their appearance and body weight. This has important implications for clinical treatment and support of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617730362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T19:05:55Z","timestamp":1521486355000},"page":"487-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Body Esteem in a Western Australian Cleft Lip and\/or Palate Cohort Across 3 Age Groups"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Wendy","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Department\/Cleft Lip and Palate Unit, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Selvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Hartig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Appearance Research, University of West England, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Alen F. 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