{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T05:04:26Z","timestamp":1777784666264,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glossoptosis causes airway obstruction in patients with Robin sequence (RS), but little is known about the in-utero tongue. The purpose of this study was to assess shape and position of the fetal tongue on prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if this is predictive of postnatal RS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case-control study including fetuses with prenatal MRIs performed from 2002 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were (1) prenatal MRI of adequate quality, (2) live born and evaluated postnatally for craniofacial findings. Subjects were divided into groups based on postnatal findings: (1) RS, (2) micrognathia without RS, and (3) a gestational-age-matched control group with normal craniofacial morphology. Outcome variables were based on the prenatal MRI and included fetal tongue height, length, and width, tongue shape index (TSI, ratio of height to length), and observation of tongue touching the posterior pharyngeal wall.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 116 subjects with mean gestational age at MRI of 25.6 \u00b1 5.1 weeks were included: RS, n = 27 (23%); micrognathia, n = 35 (30%); control, n = 54 (47%). Tongue length was significantly shorter (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .009) and TSI was significantly larger in the RS group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001). The tongue touched the posterior pharyngeal wall in 5 (19%) of the RS group and in no subjects in the other groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In utero tongue shape and position were significantly different in fetuses with postnatal RS compared to those with isolated micrognathia and controls. Prenatal MRI tongue characteristics may be predictors for postnatal RS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617746795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T19:05:55Z","timestamp":1521486355000},"page":"562-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In Utero Glossoptosis in Fetuses With Robin Sequence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Cory M.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa D.","family":"Kooiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly E.","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryne","family":"Didier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Fetal-Neonatal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie L.","family":"Padwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy A.","family":"Estroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Fetal-Neonatal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Koudstaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.09010039.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(55)80048-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1991_028_0425_mtaaip_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2015.09.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000380948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.1010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"382","article-title":"Objective diagnosis of micrognathia in the fetus: the jaw index","volume":"93","author":"Paladini D","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paladini D, Morra T, Teodoro A, Lamberti A, Tremolaterra F, Martinelli P. Objective diagnosis of micrognathia in the fetus: the jaw index. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93:382\u2013386.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Pierre Robin and the syndrome that bears his name","volume":"36","author":"Randall P","year":"1965","unstructured":"Randall P, Krogman WM, Jahins S. Pierre Robin and the syndrome that bears his name. Cleft Palate J. 1965;36:237\u2013246.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"A fall of the base of the tongue considered as new cause of nasopharyngeal respiratory impairment","volume":"89","author":"Robin P","year":"1923","unstructured":"Robin P. A fall of the base of the tongue considered as new cause of nasopharyngeal respiratory impairment. Bull Acad Natl Med (Paris). 1923;89:37.","journal-title":"Bull Acad Natl Med (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199405000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00622.x"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665617746795","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1055665617746795","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665617746795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:22:57Z","timestamp":1777393377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1055665617746795"}},"subtitle":["Measurements From Prenatal MRI"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1055665617746795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1055665617746795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]}}}