{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T21:15:23Z","timestamp":1794431723082,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To determine if cropping facial images affects nasolabial aesthetics assessments in unilateral cleft lip patients and to evaluate the effect of facial attractiveness on nasolabial evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Two cleft surgeons and one cleft orthodontist assessed standardized frontal photographs 4 times; nasolabial aesthetics were rated on cropped and full-face images using the Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale, and total facial attractiveness was rated on full-face images with and without the nasolabial area blurred using a 5-point Likert scale.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n Cleft Palate Craniofacial Unit of a University Medical Center.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients:<\/jats:title>\n Inclusion criteria: nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and an available frontal view photograph around 10 years of age. Exclusion criteria: a history of facial trauma and an incomplete cleft. Eighty-one photographs were available for assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n Differences in mean CARS scores between cropped versus full-face photographs and attractive versus unattractive rated patients were evaluated by paired t test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Nasolabial aesthetics are scored more negatively on full-face photographs compared to cropped photographs, regardless of facial attractiveness. (Mean CARS score, nose: cropped = 2.8, full-face = 3.0, P < .001; lip: cropped = 2.4, full-face = 2.7, P < .001; nose and lip: cropped = 2.6, full-face = 2.8, P < .001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Aesthetic outcomes of the nasolabial area are assessed significantly more positively when using cropped images compared to full-face images. For this reason, cropping images, revealing the nasolabial area only, is recommended for aesthetical assessments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617747702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T12:28:11Z","timestamp":1516364891000},"page":"747-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Rating Nasolabial Aesthetics in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Roderic M. F.","family":"Schwirtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans J.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G. M.","family":"Mosmuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin A.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Maal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 3D\u2013Facial Imaging Research Group, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Prahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrica C. W.","family":"de Vet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Peter W.","family":"Don Griot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/02-149.1"},{"key":"bibr2-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1991_028_0385_doamfr_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr3-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1445-0"},{"key":"bibr4-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6357(78)90042-6"},{"key":"bibr5-1055665617747702","volume-title":"Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Hinkle DE","year":"2003","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr6-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/14-019"},{"key":"bibr7-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001784"},{"key":"bibr8-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/11-207"},{"key":"bibr9-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/15-274"},{"key":"bibr10-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/15-343"},{"key":"bibr11-1055665617747702","author":"Mulder FJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"bibr12-1055665617747702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-139"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665617747702","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1055665617747702","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665617747702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:22:58Z","timestamp":1777393378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1055665617747702"}},"subtitle":["Cropped Versus Full-Face Images"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1055665617747702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1055665617747702","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]}}}