{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:10:36Z","timestamp":1787019036895,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether awake endoscopy can diagnose base-of-tongue obstruction as reliably as sleep endoscopy in infants with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was retrospective with the clinicians blinded to patient identity. Endoscopy findings were assessed and measured by the performing pediatric otolaryngologist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary care children\u2019s hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All infants with PRS managed between January 2005 and July 2015 were included. There were 141 patients, of which 35 underwent both awake endoscopy (AE) and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bedside AE and DISE in the operating room.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presence of moderate or severe base-of-tongue collapse was assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio of AE findings as well as intertest differences between AE and DISE were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AE had 50.0% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.2%-72.8%) and 86.7% specificity (95% CI 59.5%-98.3%) for detecting base-of-tongue obstruction compared to DISE; false negative rate was 50.0% (n = 10). Positive likelihood ratio was 3.75 (CI 0.96-14.65). Compared to AE, DISE demonstrated significantly more cases of base-of-tongue obstruction ( P = .039).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bedside AE has low sensitivity for detecting base-of-tongue collapse in infants with PRS. Because of the substantial false negative rate, AE may not be a reliable diagnostic modality for ruling out base-of-tongue obstruction in this susceptible population. DISE may be indicated in high-risk patients to avoid underdiagnosing upper airway obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618756706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T12:33:46Z","timestamp":1518698026000},"page":"692-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Diagnosing Tongue Base Obstruction in Pierre Robin Sequence Infants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8175-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison B.","family":"Tobey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Jabbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 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