{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:22:39Z","timestamp":1777522959062,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, is usually divided into 2 major categories: syndromic and nonsyndromic. Mutations in the FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, and EFNB1 genes cause the common craniosynostosis syndromes Muenke, Crouzon and Crouzon with acanthosis nigricans, Apert, Pfeiffer, Saethre-Chotzen, and Craniofrontonasal. Overlapping features among craniosynostosis syndromes, phenotypic heterogeneity even within the same syndrome, especially in the case of Muenke syndrome, and inadequate clinical evaluation can lead to misdiagnosis, which molecular testing can help clarify.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying genetic cause in 46 patients with syndromic or nonsyndromic craniosynostosis by direct sequencing and\/or microdeletion\/microduplication analysis of the FGFR1-3, TWIST1, and EFNB1 genes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetic analysis identified 3 novel mutations, c.413T&gt;C - p.(Leu138Pro) [p.(L138P)] in TWIST1, the previously reported c.373G&gt;A - p.(Glu125Lys) [p.(E125K)], and c.717dupA - p.(Leu240IlefsTer79) [p.(L240fs)] mutation in EFNB1 gene as well as 6 previously known mutations and a heterozygous TWIST1 gene deletion. The 2 novel mutations within EFNB1 gene arose de novo, but the novel mutation p.(L138P) within TWIST1 gene was inherited from the patient\u2019s father, who was found to be mosaic for the mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of mosaicism described for TWIST1 gene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contribution of molecular genetic analysis to the diagnosis of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis was useful because some were originally misdiagnosed. Conversely, thorough clinical evaluation can guide molecular testing and result in a correct diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618760412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T14:57:12Z","timestamp":1521644232000},"page":"1092-1102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic Analysis of Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Patients With Craniosynostosis Identifies Novel Mutations in the\n                    <i>TWIST1<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>EFNB1<\/i>\n                    Genes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Despina","family":"Apostolopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"AlfaLAB Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics Centre, Hygeia Group of Hospitals, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Hellenic Craniofacial Center, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga S.","family":"Kaxira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cMITERA\u201d General, Maternity and Children Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Hatzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlfaLAB Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics Centre, Hygeia Group of Hospitals, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanaris P.","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Craniofacial Center, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"\u201cYGEIA\u201d General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Alexandrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Craniofacial Center, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Stratoudakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Craniofacial Center, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagoula","family":"Kollia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Aleporou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 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