{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:56:35Z","timestamp":1782460595944,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose was to determine age-specific values of the minimum cross-sectional area of the nasal airway in children without cleft lip or palate and to assess whether gender differences occur with growth in order to develop guidelines for assessment in children with clefts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All schoolchildren aged 8 to 17 years who met the research criteria were studied during rest breathing using the pressure-flow technique. The children came from a rural area of 3800 inhabitants. Consecutive age cohorts were used for comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nasal cross-sectional area increased in females from 0.38 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in 8-year-olds to 0.58 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in 17-year-olds. There was a decrease in size at ages 10 to 11 and 14 to 15 years. In males, the area increased from 0.40 to 0.68 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and decreased slightly from 9 to 10 and 14 to 15 years. The annual changes were statistically significant in females between 8 and 9 and 11 to 13 years of age, and in males from 11 to 12, 13 to 14, and 15 to 17 years of age. Across gender, the only significant difference occurred at age 16.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that the increase in nasal airway size is not consistent during growth. Nasal airway size showed almost equal values for both genders in young children but was systematically larger in boys from 14 years of age on. The results refer that by 17 years of age nasal airway may not have reached adult size in males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618767107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T14:44:35Z","timestamp":1522248275000},"page":"1043-1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Guideline Values for Minimum Nasal Cross-Sectional Area in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Maija T.","family":"Laine-Alava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siiri","family":"Murtolahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla K.","family":"Crouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald W.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.4.1248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Crouse UK. 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