{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:23:09Z","timestamp":1777522989669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the role of racial background, public health initiatives, and residence on the prevalence of orofacial clefts (OFCs) in New York City (NYC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of OFC cases from the New York State Congenital Malformations Registry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients born with an OFC and all live births to mothers residing in NYC between 1983 and 2010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orofacial cleft birth prevalence by cleft type, race, and borough of maternal residence for each year and by time period around the implementation of public health interventions including folate supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3557 cases were reviewed. The prevalence remained stable for cleft palate and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL \u00b1 P) in sequential time periods of the study. Among CL \u00b1 P cases, cleft lip prevalence decreased early in the study compared to increases in cleft lip and palate prevalence. For most years, the prevalence of OFCs was lower among African Americans than whites. A total of 12% to 26% of mothers in 4 of the NYC boroughs deliver outside of their borough of residence, choosing to give birth in Manhattan most often. No difference in OFC prevalence was shown in any of the 5 NYC boroughs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The period prevalence remained relatively stable during the time periods before and after the implementation of folate supplementation for OFCs in NYC. Prevalence of OFC subtypes was lower for most time periods during this study among African Americans compared to whites. Several factors may explain the choice of birthplace outside of the mother\u2019s borough of residence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618770192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T18:10:19Z","timestamp":1523988619000},"page":"1191-1199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Patterns of Orofacial Clefting in New York City From 1983 to 2010"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sydney C.","family":"Butts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York\u2013Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, State University of New York\u2013Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyuba","family":"Gitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York\u2013Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prayag","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York\u2013Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, State University of New York\u2013Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bibr1-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00125-0","volume":"61","author":"Aberg A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr2-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.10.002","volume":"46","author":"Abbott M","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr3-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1994.tb01072.x","volume":"14","author":"Amidei RL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2006.10.011","volume":"40","author":"Arosarena OA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr5-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20740","volume":"91","author":"Blanton SH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr6-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300654","volume":"102","author":"Broder H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr7-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20210","volume":"73","author":"Canfield MA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"bibr8-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/11-087"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr9-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20522","volume":"82","author":"Cassell CH","year":"2008","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"bibr10-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-012.1"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr12-1055665618770192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199504000-00011","volume":"88","author":"Das S. 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