{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:34:59Z","timestamp":1788838499862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to present the pattern and management of atypical facial clefts from a Nigerian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of patients seen during series of surgical outreach programs in North Central Nigeria, between 2011 and 2017. All cases of atypical facial clefts encountered were evaluated for the pattern of presentation using Tessier classification system. All of them were surgically repaired and outcome was determined using a Likert scale. Data were presented using descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outreach programs in North Central Nigeria by Cleft &amp; Facial Deformity Foundation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-six patients, 19 (52.8%) males and 17 (47.2%) females, were studied. The age range was 1 week to 34 years, with mean (standard deviation) of 11.2 (11.8) years. Fifty-eight cleft cases were recorded, with Tessier 1 being the commonest (n = 14; 24.1%) cleft type. There were 35 (60.3%) cases of middle cleft, 14 (24.2%) cases of oblique cleft, and 9 (15.5%) cases of lateral cleft. Typical cleft lip and palate coexisted with atypical facial cleft in 2 (5.6%) patients. Cleft was found to be median in 12 (33.3%) patients and right sided in 9 (25%) patients. Majority (n = 24, 66.7%) of the cases were repaired by simple excision plus direct closure with successful outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerical classification by Paul Tessier has reduced the inconsistencies of nomenclature among practitioners. Majority of atypical facial clefts could be treated by simple techniques with satisfactory outcomes. However, the more complex cases will require multistaged surgical approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618790884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T22:33:28Z","timestamp":1532558008000},"page":"514-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Atypical Facial Clefts From Northcentral Nigeria, Review of 36 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Seidu A.","family":"Bello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft &amp; Facial Deformity Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria"},{"name":"State House Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allwell Brown","family":"Ibikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft &amp; Facial Deformity Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria"},{"name":"QH Specialist Dental Clinic and Research Centre, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifeoluwa","family":"Oketade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft &amp; Facial Deformity Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria"},{"name":"QH Specialist Dental Clinic and Research Centre, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saliu A.","family":"Balogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otun Centre for Health and Social Research, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"73","key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"A bilateral Tessier number 4 and 5 facial cleft and surgical strategy: a case report","volume":"25","author":"Abdollahifakhim S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdollahifakhim S, Shahidi N, Bayazian G. A bilateral Tessier number 4 and 5 facial cleft and surgical strategy: a case report. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;25(73):259\u2013262.","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S6686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"268","volume-title":"Grabb and Smith\u2019s Plastic Surgery","author":"Bradley JP","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bradley JP, Kawamoto H. Craniofacial clefts and hypertelorbitism. In: Thorne CH, ed. Grabb and Smith\u2019s Plastic Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007:268\u2013280. Chapter 28.","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000246504.09593.e4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pjs-2015-0077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Rare clefts of the face","volume":"129","author":"Fogh-Andersen P","year":"1965","unstructured":"Fogh-Andersen P. Rare clefts of the face. Acta Chir Scand. 1965;129:275\u2013281.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.05.012"},{"issue":"2011","key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Tessier No. 7 unilateral cleft: two case reports","volume":"16","author":"Isika D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Isika D, Tercanb M, Bekerecioglu M. Tessier No. 7 unilateral cleft: two case reports. East J Med. 2011;16(2011):90\u201393.","journal-title":"East J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"Kawamoto HK Wang MKH Macomber WB. Converse: Chapter 46\u2014Rare craniofacial clefts. 2016. http:\/\/famona.sezampro.rs\/medifiles\/plastic\/converse\/co462116.pdf. 1\u201332. Accessed November 2016."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Congenital malformations in the frontonasal area: their pathogenesis and classification","volume":"3","author":"Mazzola RF","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mazzola RF. Congenital malformations in the frontonasal area: their pathogenesis and classification. Clin Plast Surg. 1976;3(4):573\u2013609.","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182a2ea94"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Face facts: genes, environment, and clefts","volume":"57","author":"Murray JC","year":"1995","unstructured":"Murray JC. Face facts: genes, environment, and clefts. Am J Hum Genet. 1995;57(2):227\u2013232.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ecc4cd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","volume-title":"Facial Clefts as Seen in a Large Series of Untreated Adults and Their Later Management","author":"Pitanguy I","year":"1968","unstructured":"Pitanguy I. Facial Clefts as Seen in a Large Series of Untreated Adults and Their Later Management. London: Pitman; 1968."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Congenital transverse facial clefts","volume":"12","author":"Popescu V","year":"1968","unstructured":"Popescu V. Congenital transverse facial clefts. Rom Med Rev. 1968;12(4):75\u201385.","journal-title":"Rom Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","unstructured":"Population census. 2006. http:\/\/population.gov.ng\/core-activities\/surveys\/dataset\/2006-phc-priority-tables. Accessed June 4 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(73)90070-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199711000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.19773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Fentes orbito-faciales verticales et obliques (colobomas) completes et frustes","volume":"14","author":"Tessier PO","year":"1969","unstructured":"Tessier PO. Fentes orbito-faciales verticales et obliques (colobomas) completes et frustes. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique. 1969;14:301.","journal-title":"Annales de Chirurgie Plastique"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and lip and palate among races: a review","volume":"24","author":"Vanderas AP","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vanderas AP. Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and lip and palate among races: a review. Cleft Palate J. 1987;24(3):216\u2013225.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199104000-00024"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665618790884","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1055665618790884","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665618790884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:19:36Z","timestamp":1777393176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1055665618790884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1055665618790884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1055665618790884","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]}}}