{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:45:18Z","timestamp":1782287118369,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R03DC009676-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03DC009676-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the dimensions of the tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle using high image resolution 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the soft palate among children with normal velopharyngeal and craniofacial anatomy and to compare values to individuals with a diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). We also sought to determine whether there is a relationship between hypoplasia of the TVP and severity of middle ear dysfunction and hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three-dimensional MRI were used to collect and analyze data obtained across 53 children between 4 and 12 years of age, including 40 children with normal velopharyngeal and craniofacial anatomy and 13 children with a diagnosis of 22q11.2 DS. Tensor veli palatini muscle length, thickness, and volume as well as bihamular distance were compared among participant groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A Welch\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test revealed that the TVP in participants with 22q11DS is significantly shorter (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005, 17.3 vs 19.0 mm), thinner (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001, 1.1 vs 1.8 mm), and less voluminous (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001, 457.5 vs 667.3 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) than participants without 22q11DS. Participants with 22q11DS also had a greater (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .006, 27.7 vs 24.7 mm) bihamular distance than participants without 22q11DS. There was an inverse relationship between TVP abnormalities noted above and the severity of audiologic and otologic histories.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TVP muscle is substantially reduced in volume, length, and thickness in children with 22q11DS. These findings serve as preliminary support for the association of patient hearing and otologic severity and TVP dysmorphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665619869142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:11:55Z","timestamp":1566778315000},"page":"302-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differences in the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle and Hearing Status in Children With and Without 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn J.","family":"Kotlarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Communication Disorders, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Spoloric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriane","family":"Baylis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Kollara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Health Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, Kingsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Grischkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kirschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Surgery at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Gregory","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Radiology at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Findlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Therapies, Audiology Department, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Clinical, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Otitis Media in Infants and Children","author":"Bluestone CD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bluestone CD, Klein JO. 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