{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:27:08Z","timestamp":1793298428690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether timing of palatoplasty (early, standard, or late) is associated with speech and language outcomes in children with cleft palate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary care children\u2019s hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Records from 733 children born between 2005 and 2015 and treated at the Cleft Craniofacial Clinic of a tertiary children\u2019s hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria were cleft repair at an outside hospital, intact secondary palate, absence of postpalatoplasty speech evaluation, syndromes, staged palatoplasty, and introduction to clinic after 12 months of age. Data from 232 children with cleft palate \u00b1 cleft lip were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Palatoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Speech\/language delays and disorders at 20 months and 5 years of age based on formal hospital or community-based testing or screening evaluation in the Cleft Craniofacial Clinic; additional speech surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median age at palatoplasty was 12.6 months (range: 8.8-21.9 months). Age at palatoplasty was classified as early (&lt;11 months, n = 28), standard (11-13 months, n = 158), or late (&gt;13 months, n = 46). Late palatoplasty was associated with increased odds of speech\/language delays and speech therapy at 20 months, and language delays at 5 years, compared with standard or early palatoplasty (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05 for all comparisons). However, speech sound production disorders, velopharyngeal incompetence, tube replacement, and hearing loss were not significantly associated with age at palatoplasty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late palatoplasty may be associated with short- and long-term delays in speech\/language development. Future studies with standardized surgical technique\/timing and outcome measures are required to more definitively describe the impact of age at palatoplasty on speech\/language development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665619882566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:20:17Z","timestamp":1571962817000},"page":"148-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The Association Between Age at Palatoplasty and Speech and Language Outcomes in Children With Cleft Palate: An Observational Chart Review Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5783-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber D.","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Craniofacial Center, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Losee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard J.","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorelei J.","family":"Grunwaldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Jabbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31828f2651"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"688","article-title":"Frequency of pharyngoplasty after primary repair of cleft palate","volume":"68","author":"Bicknell S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bicknell S, McFadden LR, Curran JB. Frequency of pharyngoplasty after primary repair of cleft palate. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68(11):688\u2013692.","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4103.676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3374-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1993_030_0064_ppicwc_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/099)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100084899"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Several factors which may precipitate the use of pharyngeal flap","volume":"7","author":"Cleveland KM","year":"1970","unstructured":"Cleveland KM, Falk ML. Several factors which may precipitate the use of pharyngeal flap. Cleft Palate J. 1970;7(1):105\u2013111.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199106000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-172.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040802691120"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Delayed hard palate repair and speech deficiencies: a cautionary report","volume":"17","author":"Cosman B","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cosman B, Falk AS. Delayed hard palate repair and speech deficiencies: a cautionary report. Cleft Palate J. 1980;17(1):27\u201333.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of UCLP at the Reine Fabiola children\u2019s hospital","volume":"2","author":"De Mey A","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Mey A, Swennen G, Malevez C, George M, Mansbach AL. Long-term follow-up of UCLP at the Reine Fabiola children\u2019s hospital. B-ENT. 2006;2(suppl 4):44\u201350.","journal-title":"B-ENT"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198207000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000210628.18395.de"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199705010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844317409084385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319209035186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/03-134.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1277715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/13-076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1828-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4857.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000258518.81309.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198506133122401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31829ad109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(54)80027-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198109000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198203000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(74)90004-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200005000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","unstructured":"Kummer AW. SNAP test-r simplified nasometric assessment procedures revised 2005. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/273060845_The_MacKay-Kummer_SNAP_Test-R_Simplified_Nasometric_Assessment_Procedures_Revised_2005. Accessed January 04 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1277721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(03)00141-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4704.403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1998_035_0095_vfincp_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","volume-title":"Velopharyngeal Incompetence: Audio Seminars in Speech Pathology","author":"McWilliams BJ","year":"1979","unstructured":"McWilliams BJ, Phillips B. Velopharyngeal Incompetence: Audio Seminars in Speech Pathology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1979."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199609001-00003"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","first-page":"e20160146","article-title":"Speech profile of patients undergoing primary palatoplasty","volume":"29","author":"Menegueti KI","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menegueti KI, Mangilli LD, Alonso N, Andrade CRF. Speech profile of patients undergoing primary palatoplasty. Codas. 2017;29(5):e20160146.","journal-title":"Codas"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0460_ppalso_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-230_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200111000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000181652.84855.a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000210154.72830.3d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/16.5.377"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Phonetic analyses of the speech development of babies with cleft palate","volume":"25","author":"O\u2019Gara MM","year":"1988","unstructured":"O\u2019Gara MM, Logemann JA. Phonetic analyses of the speech development of babies with cleft palate. Cleft Palate J. 1988;25(2):122\u2013134.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1994_031_0446_pfbbwu_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00332-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.44.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200001000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1277720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196109000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617735109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(96)80013-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-205.1"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","first-page":"584","article-title":"Relationship between the oral language development and restoration of velopharyngeal closure function in Chinese toddlers with repaired cleft palate [in Chinese]","volume":"45","author":"Qian J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qian J, Tang XP, Li XJ, Ma L. Relationship between the oral language development and restoration of velopharyngeal closure function in Chinese toddlers with repaired cleft palate [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010;45(10):584\u2013586.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198305000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198604000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200008000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199608000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1053815116633861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000220875.87222.ac"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2008.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817703926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-204.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-015-0299-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318192801b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800259715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(86)90081-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)32409-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199810000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181d6e426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182587b34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199809010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182564910"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665619882566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1055665619882566","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665619882566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:20:12Z","timestamp":1777393212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1055665619882566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1055665619882566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1055665619882566","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]}}}