{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1791632625992,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Center of Dental Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of the current study is as follows: (1) to study whether wearing the presurgical nasoalveolar molding appliance (PNAM) had facilitated the establishment of\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>LB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and to determine other factors including pH and caries susceptibility associated with wearing the PNAM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Saliva samples of 61 infants (4.5 \u00b1 2.06 months old) were collected from the following 3 groups: PNAM (n = 23), healthy (n = 30), and cleft lip and palate (CLP) without any treatment (n = 8). Saliva samples were assessed using selective agar to enumerate total\n                      <jats:italic>LB<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and subjected to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven bioluminescence determinations using a luciferin-based assay system, and pH level was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance with least significant difference post hoc test (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05) and Pearson correlation were used to evaluate\n                      <jats:italic>S mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>LB<\/jats:italic>\n                      , pH, and ATP levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 63 patients (30 healthy patients, 23 patients with cleft lip\/palate who had PNAM appliance and 8 patients with cleft lip\/palate who did not use the appliance) were seen in this study. There is a significant difference in pH (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .012),\n                      <jats:italic>LB<\/jats:italic>\n                      Caries Risk Test (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001),\n                      <jats:italic>LB<\/jats:italic>\n                      colony count (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001),\n                      <jats:italic>S mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      Caries Risk Test (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), and\n                      <jats:italic>S mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      colony count (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) among the 3 groups (PNAM &gt; CLP &gt; healthy). The ATP level was not significantly different among the 3 groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher bacterial count and lower pH were found in the PNAM group. Cleft lip and\/or palate patients wearing the PNAM appliance are at higher risk for dental caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620908150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T05:26:18Z","timestamp":1586237178000},"page":"762-769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of Microbial Activity Among Infants With or Without Using Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Appliance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9250-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanieh","family":"Hassani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practitioner Advanced Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Dental Research, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hamra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Loma Linda Medical School, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans establishment and dental caries experience in children from 2 to 4 years old","volume":"91","author":"Alaluusua S","year":"1983","unstructured":"Alaluusua S, Renkonen OV. Streptococcus mutans establishment and dental caries experience in children from 2 to 4 years old. Scand J Dent Res. 1983;91(6):453\u2013457.","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho.26.2.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000260166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-112"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Caries, gingivitis, and dental abnormalities in preschool children with cleft lip and\/or palate","volume":"26","author":"Dahllof G","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dahllof G, Ussisoo-Joandi R, Ideberg M, Modeer T. Caries, gingivitis, and dental abnormalities in preschool children with cleft lip and\/or palate. 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