{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:28:53Z","timestamp":1777523333510,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is the primary surgical intervention to treat airway obstruction in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Current morphologic studies of PRS mandibles do not translate into providing airway management decisions. We compare mandibles of infants with nonsyndromic PRS to controls characterizing morphological variances relevant to distraction. We also examine how morphologic measurements and airway grades correlate with airway management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with PRS under 2 months old were age and sex matched to controls. Demographic and perioperative data, and Cormack-Lehane airway grades were recorded. Computed tomography scans were used to generate mandibular models. Bilateral condylions, gonions, and the menton were identified. Linear and angular measurements were made. Wilcoxon rank sum and 2-sample t tests were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four patients with PRS and 24 controls were included. Seventeen patients with PRS required MDO. PRS patients had shorter ramus heights (16.7 vs 17.3 mm; P = .346) and mandibular body lengths (35.3 vs 39.3 mm; P &lt; .001), more acute gonial angles (125.3\u00b0 vs 131.3\u00b0; P &lt; .001), and more obtuse intergonial angles (94.2\u00b0 vs 80.4\u00b0; P &lt; .001) compared to controls. No significant differences were found among patients requiring MDO versus conservative management nor among distracted patients with high versus low airway grades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study examines the largest and youngest PRS population to date regarding management of early airway obstruction with MDO. Our findings indicate that univector mandibular body distraction allows for normalization in nonsyndromic patients with PRS, and airway obstruction management decisions should remain clinical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620913780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T05:30:39Z","timestamp":1586237439000},"page":"1032-1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantification of Mandibular Morphology in Pierre Robin Sequence to Optimize Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Angela S.","family":"Volk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit M.","family":"Narawane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjed","family":"Abu-Ghname","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3193-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elton M.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon (Huy)","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John O.","family":"Wirthlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward P.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301134"},{"key":"bibr2-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181d9937b"},{"key":"bibr3-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10-100"},{"key":"bibr4-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.06.093"},{"key":"bibr5-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-44548-1.00137-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr6-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318258bcf1","volume":"23","author":"Chung MT","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"bibr7-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08932.x"},{"key":"bibr8-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.12.019"},{"key":"bibr38-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200409000-00023"},{"key":"bibr9-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200108000-00004"},{"key":"bibr10-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1991_028_0425_mtaaip_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr11-1055665620913780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moo.0000143979.33496.0a"},{"key":"bibr12-1055665620913780","unstructured":"Genetics Home Reference. 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