{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:29:10Z","timestamp":1777523350881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007928","name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Agnew Surgical Society Summer Fellowship Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Agnew Surgical Society Summer Fellowship Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify demographic factors that influence choosing nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in the treatment of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL\u00b1P), and NAM treatment compliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work is a retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary pediatric hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients, Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred forty-nine patients with a diagnosis of unilateral complete CL\u00b1P receiving treatment when NAM was offered (January 1, 2008-July 26, 2016).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Demographic variables collected included race, ethnicity, ZIP code, number of caregivers, caregiver employment status, and health insurance status. Medical variables collected included diagnosis, treatment pursued, compliance with NAM, completion of NAM, and the treating cleft surgeon and orthodontist. Data were analyzed via Fisher exact tests, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests, and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors that influence the decision to pursue NAM and treatment compliance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Univariate analyses identified the following significant factors predicting the pursuit of NAM: race and insurance type (both\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), surgeon (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005), income level (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .009), comorbidities (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .015), and syndromic diagnosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .033). Driving distance trended toward significance (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .078). Multivariate regression analyses indicated that Asian race (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .047), insurance type (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .046), driving distance (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .019), and surgeon (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .017) were significant predictors of pursuit of NAM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are disparities in patient choice of NAM at our center for children with complete cleft lip. African American patient families were less likely to pursue this intervention. A stronger understanding of the barriers that lower income and minority patients face is needed in order to better characterize disparities in cleft care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620936056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T05:33:12Z","timestamp":1593754392000},"page":"1069-1077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sociodemographic Factors That Influence the Choice to Pursue Nasoalveolar Molding: One Pediatric Hospital\u2019s Experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Rotem","family":"Kimia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paris D.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Guajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Magee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Wes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8119-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oksana A.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318199f46e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7149.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-8-26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618763377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. 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