{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:30:12Z","timestamp":1777523412837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD077119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD077119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Herndon Canine Disease Research Fund, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","award":["\u201cOnline Atlas of Canine Development\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cOnline Atlas of Canine Development\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the gestational timing of morphologic events in normal canine secondary palate development as a baseline for studies in dog models of isolated cleft palate (CP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beagle and beagle\/cocker spaniel-hybrid fetal dogs were obtained by cesarean-section on various days of gestation, timed from the initial rise of serum progesterone concentration. Morphology of fetal heads was determined by examining serial coronal sections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On gestational day 35 (d35), the palatal shelves pointed ventrally alongside the tongue. On d36, palatal shelves were elongated and elevated to a horizontal position above the tongue but were not touching. On d37, palatine shelves and vomer were touching, but the medial epithelial seam (MES) between the apposed shelves remained. Immunostaining with epithelial protein markers showed that the MES gradually dissolved and was replaced by mesenchyme during d37-d44, and palate fusion was complete by d44. Examination of remnant MES suggested that fusion of palatal shelves began in mid-palate and moved rostrally and caudally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Palate development occurs in dogs in the steps described in humans and mice, but palate closure occurs at an intermediate time in gestation. These normative data will form the basis of future studies to determine pathophysiologic mechanisms in dog models of CP. Added clinical significance is the enhancement of dogs as a large animal model to test new approaches for palate repair, with the obvious advantage of achieving full maturity within 2 years rather than 2 decades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620943771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T05:52:07Z","timestamp":1595569927000},"page":"230-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Secondary Palate Development in the Dog (\n                    <i>Canis lupus familiaris<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Freiberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology &amp; Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Hemker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology &amp; Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"McAnally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology &amp; Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology &amp; Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0405-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki N.","family":"Meyers-Wallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Schutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology &amp; Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"},{"name":"Pediatrics &amp; Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5774-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Fyfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology &amp; Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Role of animal models in experimental studies of craniofacial growth following cleft lip and palate repair","volume":"25","author":"Bardach J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bardach J, Kelly KM. 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