{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T21:25:05Z","timestamp":1781817905726,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE028554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE028554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the magnitude of olfactory recess opacity in patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity (uCLND).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subject-specific 3-dimensional reconstruction of the nasal airway anatomy was created from computed tomography images in 11 (4 males and 7 females) subjects with uCLND and 7 (3 males, and 4 females) normal subjects. The volume and surface area of each subject\u2019s unilateral and bilateral olfactory airspace was quantified to assess the impact of opacification. Qualitatively speaking, patients with 75% to 100% olfactory recess opacification were classified as extreme, 50% to 75% as severe, 25% to 50% as moderate, and 0% to 25% as mild.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 11 subjects with uCLND, 5 (45%) were classified as having extreme olfactory recess opacification, 3 (27%) subjects had severe opacification, and 3 (27%) subjects had moderate opacification. Mean (\u00b1SD) bilateral olfactory recess volume was significantly greater in normal subjects than in subjects with uCLND (0.9668 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b1 0.4061 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs 0.3426 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b1 0.1316 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; P &lt; .001). Furthermore, unilateral olfactory airspace volumes for the cleft and non-cleft sides in subjects with uCLND were considerably less than unilateral olfactory volume in subjects with normal anatomy (uCLND cleft side = 0.1623 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b1 0.0933 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; uCLND non-cleft side = 0.1803 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b1 0.0938 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; normal = 0.4834 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b1 0.2328 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; P &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate a high prevalence of olfactory recess opacification among subjects with uCLND when compared to subjects with normal anatomy. The majority of subjects with uCLND had extreme olfactory recess opacity, which will likely influence their sense of smell.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620982754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T04:50:33Z","timestamp":1608785433000},"page":"1242-1250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Computational Analysis of Olfactory Airspace in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8446-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reanna","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis O.","family":"Frank-Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Computational Biology & Bioinformatics PhD Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(58)80053-0"},{"issue":"1800","key":"bibr2-1055665620982754","first-page":"20142161","volume":"282","author":"Eiting TP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"bibr3-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2014.01.002"},{"key":"bibr4-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002244"},{"key":"bibr5-1055665620982754","volume-title":"Evidence of Olfactory Deficits in Isolated Orofacial Clefting","author":"Gopalaswamy S","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr6-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.02.074"},{"key":"bibr7-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000242429"},{"key":"bibr8-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21856"},{"key":"bibr9-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-13-8"},{"key":"bibr10-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333883"},{"key":"bibr11-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200003000-00016"},{"key":"bibr12-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1589"},{"key":"bibr13-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-057.1"},{"key":"bibr14-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005365"},{"key":"bibr15-1055665620982754","volume-title":"Olfactory Deficits in Cleft lip and Palate","author":"May MA","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr16-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2010.539625"},{"key":"bibr17-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2004.06.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr18-1055665620982754","first-page":"840","volume":"82","author":"Richman RA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr19-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.40348"},{"key":"bibr20-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/863429"},{"key":"bibr21-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.3.317"},{"key":"bibr22-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4526(02)44006-5"},{"key":"bibr23-1055665620982754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002772"},{"key":"bibr24-1055665620982754","volume-title":"Volumetric Computed Tomography Analysis of the Olfactory Cleft in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis. 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