{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:40:04Z","timestamp":1778899204032,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP17K17299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17K17299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some patients with cleft palate (CP) need secondary surgery to improve functionality. Although 4-dimensional assessment of velopharyngeal closure function (VPF) in patients with CP using computed tomography (CT) has been existed, the knowledge about quantitative evaluation and radiation exposure dose is limited. We performed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of VPF using CT and estimated the exposure doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computed tomography images from 5 preoperative patients with submucous CP (SMCP) and 10 postoperative patients with a history of CP (8 boys and 7 girls, aged 4-7 years) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five patients had undergone primary surgery for SMCP; 10 received secondary surgery for hypernasality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), patterns of velopharyngeal closure (VPC), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of VPI was evaluated via CT findings. Organ-absorbed radiation doses were estimated in 5 of 15 patients. The differences between cleft type and VPI, VPC patterns, and CSA of VPI were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All patients had VPI. The VPC patterns (SMCP\/CP) were evaluated as coronal (1\/4), sagittal (0\/1), circular (1\/2), and circular with Passavant\u2019s ridge (2\/2); 2 patients (1\/1) were unevaluable because of poor VPF. The CSA of VPI was statistically larger in the SMCP group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0027). The organ-absorbed radiation doses were relatively lower than those previously reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four-dimensional CT can provide the detailed findings of VPF that are not possible with conventional CT, and the exposure dose was considered medically acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211001732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T05:00:51Z","timestamp":1617166851000},"page":"141-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Closure Function With 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography and Assessment of Radiation Exposure in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1416-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanao","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Radiological Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Health Sciences, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kanamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Nanakuri Memorial Hospital, Fujita Health University, Tsu, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Tateya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198102000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","volume-title":"Radiological Protection and Safety in Medicine: ICRP Publication 73","author":"International Commission on Radiological Protection","year":"1996","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection. 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