{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:34:02Z","timestamp":1785843242383,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"TUBITAK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["108S420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108S420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The term frontonasal dysplasia (FND) represents a spectrum of anomalies and its genetics have not been well defined. Recently, the critical role of the aristaless-like homeobox ( ALX) gene family on the craniofacial development has been discovered. In the present study, we aimed to propose a systematic surgical treatment plan for the ALX-related FNDs according to the genotypic classification as well as demonstrating their clinical characteristics to help surgeons diagnose the underlying pathology accurately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-institution retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary health care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-nine FND cases were evaluated. Eight of them had ALX1-related FND3, 3 had ALX3-related FND1, and 2 had ALX4-related FND2. Phenotype characteristics of ALX-related FNDs were evaluated, and relevant surgical interventions were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ALX1-related FND3 phenotype is striking due to the involvement of the eyes in addition to the presence of hypertelorism, facial clefts, and nasal deformities. A widened philtrum and prominent philtral columns are remarkable features of the ALX3-related FND1, whereas the ALX4-related FND2 has more severe deformities: severe hypertelorism, brachycephaly, large parietal bone defects, broad nasal dorsum, and alopecia. Facial bipartition, box osteotomies, eyelid coloboma repair, cleft lip and palate repair, nasal reconstruction, and fronto-orbital advancement can be performed in ALX-related FNDs based on the characteristics of each subtype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This genetic classification system will help surgeon diagnose patients with FND with unique features and draw a roadmap for their treatment with a better surgical perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211019621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T05:15:31Z","timestamp":1623129331000},"page":"637-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>ALX<\/i>\n                    -Related Frontonasal Dysplasias: Clinical 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Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Isparta, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Figen","family":"Ozgur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10556656211019621","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36578"},{"key":"bibr2-10556656211019621","volume-title":"Human Embryology and Developmental Biology","author":"Carlson 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