{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:41:02Z","timestamp":1780393262998,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate perceived image quality, confidence in identifying key velopharyngeal landmarks, and reliability of making velopharyngeal measures between 3-dimensional (3-D) and 2-D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods and between T1-, T2-, and proton density (PD)-weighted sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve healthy participants completed an MRI study. Three raters assessed overall image quality and their ability to identify key anatomic features within the images. A single rater evaluated the reliability of making measures between imaging methods and sequence types to determine if image type (2-D and 3-D) or image sequence (T1, T2, PD weighted) resulted in different values for key velopharyngeal landmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An analysis of variance test revealed image quality was rated significantly different based on the scan type ( P &lt; .001) and the sequence used ( P = .015). Image quality was rated higher among 2-D MR images compared to 3-D, and higher among T2 sequences compared to T1- and PD-weighted imaging methods. In contrast, raters favored 3-D sequences over 2-D sequences for identifying velopharyngeal landmarks. Measures of reliability revealed scan type significantly impacted 2 of the 6 variables but to a minimal degree; however, sequence type had no impact on measures of reliability across all variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results of the study suggest the scan type and sequence used are factors that likely do not impact the reliability of measures. Based on image quality, the recommended technique for velopharyngeal imaging would be using a 2-D T2-weighted technique. However, based on the ability to identify key landmarks, a 3-D T1- or PD-weighted technique was favored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211025191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T05:26:55Z","timestamp":1624339615000},"page":"741-750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Does the Type of MRI Sequence Influence Perceived Quality and Measurement Consistency in Investigations of the Anatomy of the Velopharynx?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail E.","family":"Haenssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5974-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katelyn J.","family":"Kotlarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Communication Disorders, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazlin","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0021)"},{"key":"bibr2-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2002_039_0130_mriotl_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr3-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617752802"},{"key":"bibr4-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-220.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-10556656211025191","first-page":"25","volume":"49","author":"Hess U","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rontgenpraxis"},{"key":"bibr6-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0236"},{"key":"bibr7-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/13-107"},{"key":"bibr8-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003373"},{"key":"bibr9-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0421_mriite_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr10-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/03-060.1"},{"key":"bibr11-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10-285"},{"key":"bibr12-10556656211025191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.11.028"},{"key":"bibr13-10556656211025191","unstructured":"Murphy A, Gaillard F. 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