{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:12:12Z","timestamp":1792800732858,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007212","name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VGFOUREG-229501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUREG-229501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the influence of gender, dispositional optimism, and coping strategies on appearance-related distress among individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cross-sectional design with self-report questionnaires analyzed primarily with Spearman correlations ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and multivariate regression analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A tertiary cleft center in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty individuals with UCLP born 1966 to 1986. The mean age for men (n = 50) and women (n = 30) was 38.8 and 37.4 years, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Derriford Appearance Scale 24 measured appearance-related distress, the Life Orientation Test\u2013Revised, short version measured dispositional optimism and pessimism, and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, short version included 14 coping strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women had higher appearance-related distress than men, which was significantly ( P &lt; .05) related to self-blame ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.59), pessimism ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.59), and low optimism ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.56). Men\u2019s appearance-related distress was significantly associated with low active coping ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.35), low use of emotional support ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.29), denial ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.39), behavioral disengagement ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.41), and pessimism ( r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.28). The only significant gender interaction reflected greater impact of optimism in reducing appearance-related distress for women (\u03b2 = \u22120.06).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study showed that high levels of dispositional optimism decrease appearance-related distress, particularly for women. The coping strategies used differed between men and women, and the results suggest that both gender and psychosocial facto r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      need to be considered in regard to appearance-related distress among individuals with UCLP in both clinical and research settings. A possible way to decrease distress is to strengthen positive coping strategies and dispositional optimism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211025196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T05:06:01Z","timestamp":1623906361000},"page":"715-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of Gender, Dispositional Optimism, and Coping Strategies on Appearance-Related Distress Among Swedish Adults With Cleft Lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7043-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Paganini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Society. Kristianstad University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 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