{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:39:14Z","timestamp":1789180754886,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R 01 HD 080462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R 01 HD 080462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Positional plagiocephaly and\/or brachycephaly (PPB) is associated with cognition, motor, and other developmental outcomes, but little is known about the social-behavioral adjustment of children with PPB. The primary aim of this study was to compare the social-behavioral development of preschool and school-age children with and without PPB and to examine the potential moderating effects of PPB severity on group differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred twenty children with a history of PPB and 164 controls participated in at least one behavioral assessment at 4-11 months, 18 months, 36 months, and 7 years. The frequencies of observed problem behaviors and social competence were estimated using the Child Behavior Checklist Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL\/1.5-5), Caregiver-Teacher Report Form(C-TRF), CBCL\/6-18, and Teacher Report Form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Children with PPB were similar to controls on the internalizing, externalizing, or total problems composites. At 7 years, CBCL\/6-18 total competence scores were significantly lower in children with histories of PPB than controls. In analyses stratified by PPB severity, we found that children with moderate\/severe PPB had slightly higher scores on the C-TRF internalizing scale at 36 months and lower total competence scores at age 7 years. Children who had a history of mild PPB were similar to controls on all outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to examine social and behavioral outcomes in a large cohort of children with and without a history of PPB. We found limited evidence of an association between PPB and parent and teacher-reported social-emotional and behavioral adjustment through early school-age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211043739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T06:10:44Z","timestamp":1634191844000},"page":"1361-1370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Behavioral and Social Functioning of Children With and Without Positional Plagiocephaly: Late Infancy to School Age"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8945-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy","family":"Ola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Speltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-4326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent R.","family":"Collett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10556656211043739","volume-title":"Achenbach system of empirically based assessment: school age forms and profiles, child behavior checklist for ages 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