{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:48:53Z","timestamp":1788774533249,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) risk and related risk factors among children and adolescents of Hong Kong with cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective survey study adopting three questionnaires, obstructive sleep apnea-18 (OSA-18), pediatric sleep questionnaire-22 (PSQ-22), and modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter study in two public hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 351 Chinese children and adolescents with non-syndromic CL\/P (6-18-year-old, 57% males) visited between September 2017 and November 2019, with primary palatal repair surgery done before 3-year-old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive OSAS risk was determined based on cut-off \u226560 for OSA-18, \u22658 for PSQ-22, and &gt;8 for ESS. Age, sex, overweight presence, cleft type, embryonic secondary palate involvement, palatal repair surgery, palatal revision surgery, and orthodontic treatment were analyzed as possible risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 9.5% of patients had positive OSAS risk based on OSA-18, 13.6% based on PSQ-22, and 13.2% according to ESS. A higher prevalence of patients with positive OSAS risk was of younger age (OSA-18, p\u2009=\u2009.034), had cleft involving embryonic secondary palate (PSQ-22, p\u2009=\u2009.009), and history of fixed orthodontic treatment (ESS, p\u2009=\u2009.002). The regression model identified only involvement of embryonic secondary palate as a risk factor (PSQ-22, odds ratio\u2009=\u20093.7, p\u2009=\u2009.015).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSAS risk among children and adolescents of Hong Kong with CL\/P was 9.5% to 13.6%. Patients at higher risk were those with cleft involving embryonic secondary palate. OSAS risk assessment may be influenced by different aspects of the disease spectrum, and a multimodal approach should be considered for such assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211068306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T09:17:04Z","timestamp":1640251024000},"page":"421-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Among Children and Adolescents with Cleft lip and Palate: A Survey Study in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"A. C. H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9775-9344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Savoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W. K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry & Maxillofacial Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry & Maxillofacial Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K. Y.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 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