{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:19:31Z","timestamp":1788545971235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, there is no consensus regarding the role of opioids in the management of perioperative pain in children undergoing cleft lip\/palate repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study evaluated opioid prescribing patterns of surgeon members within the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association surgeons utilizing an anonymous survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respondents performing cleft lip repair typically operate on patients 3 to 6 months of age (86%), admit patients postoperatively (82%), and discharge them on the first postoperative day (72%). Comparatively, respondents performed palatoplasty between the ages of 10 and 12 months (62%), almost always admit the patients (99%), and typically discharge on the first postoperative day (78%). Narcotics were more frequently prescribed after palatoplasty than after cleft lip repair, both for inpatients (66%; 49%) and at discharge (38%; 22%). Oxycodone was the most prescribed narcotic (39.1%; 41.4%), typically for a duration of 1 to 3 days (81.5%; 81.2%). All surgeons who reported changing their narcotic regimen (34.4% dose, 32.8% duration) after cleft lip repair, decreased both parameters from earlier to later in their career. Similarly, surgeons who changed the dose (32.2%) and duration (42.5%) of narcotics after palatoplasty, mostly decreased both parameters (96%). Additionally, physicians with &gt;15 years of practice were less likely to prescribe opioids in comparison with colleagues with \u226415 years of experience. Ninety-two percent of respondents endorsed prescribing nonopioid analgesics after prescribing cleft surgery, most commonly acetaminophen (85.7%; 85.4%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cleft surgeons typically prescribe opioids to inpatients and rarely upon discharge. Changes to opioid-prescribing patterns typically involved a decreased dose and duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665621990163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T03:57:07Z","timestamp":1615348627000},"page":"1500-1507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Opioid Prescribing Practices in Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7302-4888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reuben A.","family":"Falola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan T.","family":"Blough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasson T.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian M.","family":"Brooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, TX, 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