{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:57:58Z","timestamp":1789509478887,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists [No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists [No"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Down syndrome (DS) is a common congenital chromosomal disorder related to trisomy 21. Lateral cephalometric radiography studies have shown that patients with DS have characteristic craniofacial morphology; however, no 3-dimensional analysis studies have been performed to investigate the craniofacial features, including volumetric aspects, of patients with DS. The present study was performed to evaluate the craniofacial features, including volumetric aspects, of patients with DS and to compare these findings with control participants using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study sample consisted of 12 patients with DS and 12 control participants. All participants were examined by means of CBCT; the resulting images were used for evaluation of maxillary and mandibular volume, cranial base, and craniofacial measurements. Differences between patients with DS and control participants were statistically analyzed using Student\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to control participants, patients with DS exhibited statistically significant reductions in maxillary and mandibular volumes. Both sagittal and axial cranial base linear measurements were shorter in patients with DS than in control participants. In contrast, the cranial base angle was enhanced in patients with DS, compared with control participants. Moreover, condylion (Co)\u2013gnathion, anterior nasal spine\u2013menton, and Co-subspinale (point A) measurements were shorter in patients with DS than in control participants; the sella\u2013nasion\u2013mandibular plane angle was significantly reduced in patients with DS, compared with control participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that patients with DS have distinct skeletal volume and craniofacial morphology features, relative to individuals without DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665621998181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T04:45:52Z","timestamp":1615265152000},"page":"177-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Three-Dimensional Assessment of Craniofacial Features in Patients With Down Syndrome During the Mixed Dentition Period: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8208-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideomi","family":"Takizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-6845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koutaro","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2011.00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/062813-480.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/040510-189.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0148-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2006.00781.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1651-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2005.0319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90343-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12491"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Facial Growth","author":"Enlow DH","year":"1982","unstructured":"Enlow DH, Moyers RE, Merow WW. Handbook of Facial Growth. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders Company;1982.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2008.01877.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(75)90299-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/8.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.3.255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(71)90116-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/112785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/012913-87.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb02573.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0810752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/030813-195.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.4997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(72)90093-0"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","first-page":"1721","article-title":"Etude des chromosomes somaiques de neuf enfrants mongoliens","volume":"248","author":"Lejeune J","year":"1959","unstructured":"Lejeune J, Gautier M, Turpin R. Etude des chromosomes somaiques de neuf enfrants mongoliens. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1959;248(11):1721\u20131722.","journal-title":"C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2003.241.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.01431.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/103015-732.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/082018-612.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/112618-831.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/111709-650.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90128-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345750540041201"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665621998181","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1055665621998181","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1055665621998181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:21:45Z","timestamp":1777393305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1055665621998181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1055665621998181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1055665621998181","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]}}}