{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:16:42Z","timestamp":1780604202491,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to identify gender disparities within the subspecialty of craniofacial surgery as women surgeons remain underrepresented in academia and leadership, arenas heavily dictated by research productivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All craniofacial articles published in 3 major research journals from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed and evaluated in 5-year increments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Outcomes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Information regarding author gender, authorship distribution, geographic origin, and publication type was collected. ANOVA, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and logistic regression modeling were used for analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, there were 3684 articles with 15\u2005206 total authors\u20143128 (20.6%) were women, including 665 (21.3%) first authors, 1980 (63.2%) middle authors, and 487 (15.7%) senior authors. Mean women authorship increased significantly from 2000 to 2020 (0.33 vs 1.22\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) with corresponding significant increases in first and senior authorship (8.63% vs 27.02; 5.65% vs 16.13%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Statistically significant trends across time were observed for first and senior authorships (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Women were more likely to publish original publications as first and senior authors (OR: 1.83,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001; OR: 1.37,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0012). Women were less likely to publish editorial articles (OR 0.6,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The United States ranked third in publication output by female first authors but was behind all regions except Africa for output by female senior authors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although female authorship has increased significantly over the last 2 decades, women remain a minority within the craniofacial literature. Further research is needed to elicit the root of these disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221102040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T11:30:17Z","timestamp":1653478217000},"page":"1199-1206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gender Authorship Trends Among Craniofacial Publications: A 20-Year Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5791-4378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Colleges A.o.A.M. 2020 Physician Specialty Data Report Executive Summary. 2021 [cited 2021 October 18 2021]; Available from: https:\/\/www.aamc.org\/data-reports\/data\/2020-physician-specialty-data-report-executive-summary"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Colleges A.o.A.M. 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