{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:26:07Z","timestamp":1790436367370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/STG06\/UMP\/02\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/STG06\/UMP\/02\/6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005605","name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGRS210328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGRS210328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005605","name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RDU1901168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDU1901168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005605","name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RDU190363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDU190363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes are common genetic syndromes related to syndromic craniosynostosis (SC), whereby it is a congenital defect that occurs when the cranial growth is distorted. Identifying cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes may assist the surgical team to focus on a specific cranial part during the intervention planning, thus optimizing surgical outcomes and reducing potential morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to identify the cranial angles, which are associated with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cranial computed tomography scan images of 17 patients with SC and 22 control groups aged 0 to 12 years who were treated in the University Malaya Medical Centre were obtained, while 12 angular measurements were attained using the Mimics software. The angular data were then divided into 2 groups (patients aged 0 to 24 months and &gt;24 months). This work proposes a 95% confidence interval (CI) for angular mean to detect the abnormality in patient's cranial growth for the SC syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 95% CI of angular mean for the control group was calculated and used as an indicator to confirm the abnormality in patient's cranial growth that is associated with the 3 syndromes. The results showed that there are different cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All cranial angles of the patients with these syndromes lie outside the 95% CI of angular mean of control group, indicating the reliability of the proposed CI in the identification of abnormality in the patient's cranial growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221107524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T01:57:46Z","timestamp":1655431066000},"page":"1484-1493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cranial Morphology Associated With Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Potential Detection of Abnormality in Patient's Cranial Growth Using Angular Statistics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2354-8725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Syahirah","family":"Zulkipli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Zanariah","family":"Satari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7536-7462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firdaus","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oro-Craniomaxillofacial Research and Surgical Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norli Anida","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Nur Syahidah","family":"Wan Yusoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Ghapor","family":"Hussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10556656221107524","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-018-0179-8"},{"key":"bibr2-10556656221107524","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.2.0159"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr3-10556656221107524","first-page":"2863","volume":"69","author":"Kabbani H","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr4-10556656221107524","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2004.11.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr5-10556656221107524","first-page":"646","volume":"76","author":"Hariri F","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac 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