{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T05:08:44Z","timestamp":1791954524885,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During periods of civil strife, the need for trauma care and lack of sufficient cleft surgeons causes an increase in children left untreated with cleft lip and palate deformities. During the Syrian war, some cleft care was provided through visiting charities, with surgeries performed both in Syria and neighboring countries. There is a need to increase the number of adequately trained cleft surgeons available in such regions so that care can be achieved beyond mission trips.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cleft lip and palate repair workshops were delivered to 50 doctors in Syria. Pre-workshop, trainees received supplementary learning material. During the workshop, attendees received didactic teaching followed by 2 simulation sessions. Pre- and post-workshop, attendees completed questionnaires regarding their confidence and ability to perform cleft lip and palate repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre-workshop, 96% of workshop attendees had never independently performed cleft lip repair while 100% of attendees had not previously performed cleft palate repair. The mean pre-workshop confidence score was 2.452. Post-workshop, the mean confidence score was 3.503. Confidence rating scores significantly improved (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The workshop delivered in Syria, together with this cleft lip and palate simulator provides an effective training tool that may support surgical training globally, particularly those in low-income countries. Further support is needed by charity organizations to ensure the continued delivery of such training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221136650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T03:48:26Z","timestamp":1667533706000},"page":"706-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Simulation Training Approach for Cleft Lip and Palate Repair in Low-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3247-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffanie-Marie","family":"Borg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK"},{"name":"Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Barts and the London School (QMUL), London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Queen's Hospital, Romford, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"Alfarrouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Barts and the London School (QMUL), London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Barazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Barts and the London School (QMUL), London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan","family":"Abu Sittah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Barts and the London School (QMUL), London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Sommerlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Barts and the London School (QMUL), London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Cleft lip and palate: care configuration, national registration, and research strategies","volume":"9","author":"Sandy J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sandy J, Davies A, Humphries K, Ireland T, Wren Y. 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Economic valuation of the global burden of cleft disease averted by a large cleft charity. World J Surg. 2015;40(5):1053-1059.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plastic and maxillofacial training for war-zones \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"0","author":"Borg TM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borg TM, Cavale N, Abu-Sittah G, Ghanem A. Plastic and maxillofacial training for war-zones \u2013 a systematic review. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2022;0(0):1-9.","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"SmileTrain Simulare. Cleft Lip Simulator. Accessed May 2022. https:\/\/www.smiletrain.org\/simulare\/cleft-lip-simulator."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"SmileTrain Simulare. Cleft Palate Simulator. 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