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The secondary outcome is incidence of new onset obstructive sleep apnea. Statistical analyses will use propensity score matching to control for demographics, medical history, preoperative severity of hypernasality, and preoperative imaging findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study recruitment began February 2021. As of September 2022, 148 participants are enrolled, and 78 have undergone VPI surgery. Enrollment is projected to continue into 2025. Collection of postoperative evaluations should be completed by the end of 2026, with dissemination of results soon thereafter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with VPI following cleft palate repair are being actively enrolled at sites across the US and Canada into a prospective observational study evaluating surgical outcomes. This study will be the largest and most comprehensive study of VPI surgery outcomes to date.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221147159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:07:42Z","timestamp":1671764862000},"page":"870-881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study of Revision Palatoplasty Versus Pharyngoplasty for Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Following Cleft Palate Repair"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2173-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Sitzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Children's Hospital"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4148-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriane L.","family":"Baylis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nationwide Children's Hospital"},{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Medicine"},{"name":"The Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica M.","family":"Weidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u2019hamed","family":"Temkit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey L.","family":"Ishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0179-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond W.","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital"},{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the VPI-OPS Study Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199904000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181d60763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182910acb"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.3.224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006\u20132091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/15-206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/03-148.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/02-162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/11-198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.11.1447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(94)90068-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199412000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000004295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2002)039<0295:PRRR>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620902883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000169714.38796.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0046_aacaov_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818822989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.7.757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/14-027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Kummer AW. 2005. 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