{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:44:21Z","timestamp":1783734261675,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the accuracy of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in children with craniofacial anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial clinic at a tertiary care center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with craniofacial anomalies 2 to \u226418 years of age who both completed a PSQ screen and underwent polysomnography (PSG) without interval surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sensitivity and specificity of the PSQ in detecting an obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) \u2265 5 events\/hour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty children met study criteria, with 66% (n\u2009=\u200933) having an associated syndrome. Mean patient age at time of PSQ was 9.6\u2009+\u20094.0 years. Overall, 33 (64%) screened positive on the PSQ, while 20 (40%) had an AHI \u2265 5. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying AHI \u2265 5 was 70% and 40%, respectively. With subgroup analysis, the sensitivity and specificity were higher (100% and 50%) in children with non-syndromic palatal clefting but lower (65% and 31%) in children with a syndrome or chromosomal anomaly. There was no correlation detected between PSQ score and AHI severity (p\u2009=\u20090.25). The mean obstructive AHI in the study population was 10.1\u2009\u00b1\u200922.7 despite 44% (n\u2009=\u200922) undergoing prior adenotonsillectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PSQ was less sensitive and specific in detecting an AHI \u2265 5 in children with craniofacial anomalies than in a general population, and particularly poor in for children with syndrome-associated craniofacial conditions. Given the high prevalence of OSA in this patient population, a craniofacial-specific validated screening tool would be beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221147815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:09:16Z","timestamp":1672099756000},"page":"882-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Utility of Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea with the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) in Children with Craniofacial Anomalies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3786-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto N.","family":"Solis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhkaran S.","family":"Aulakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar S.","family":"Velazquez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole I.","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adebola M.","family":"Olarewaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Nandalike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis T.","family":"Tollefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig W.","family":"Senders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Funamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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