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Quality control process was conducted for genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in six DNA repair genes (\n                      <jats:italic>ATR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ERCC4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>RFC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>TYMS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>XRCC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). We tested gene-gene interactions with Cordell's method using statistical package TRIO in R software. Bonferroni corrected significance level was set as\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20094.24\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                      . We also test the robustness of the interactions by permutation tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 806 NSCL\/P case-parent trios (complete trios: 682, incomplete trios: 124) with Chinese ancestry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 118 SNPs were extracted for the interaction tests. Fourteen pairs of significant interactions were identified after Bonferroni correction, which were confirmed in permutation tests. Twelve pairs were between\n                      <jats:italic>ATR<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ERCC4<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The most significant interaction occurred between rs2244500 in\n                      <jats:italic>TYMS<\/jats:italic>\n                      and rs3213403 in\n                      <jats:italic>XRCC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098.16\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u201315<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The current study identified gene-gene interactions among DNA repair genes in 806 Chinese NSCL\/P trios, providing additional evidence for the complicated genetic structure underlying NSCL\/P.\n                      <jats:italic>ATR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ERCC4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>TYMS<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>RFC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      were suggested to be possible candidate genes for NSCL\/P.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241228124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T01:45:48Z","timestamp":1706838348000},"page":"863-869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detecting Gene-Gene Interaction among DNA Repair Genes in Chinese non-Syndromic Cleft lip with or Without Palate Trios"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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