{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:34:45Z","timestamp":1777523685536,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The only findings consistent among infants with Robin sequence (RS) are the presence of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction (UAO). Feeding and growth dysfunction are typical. The etiopathogenesis of these findings, however, is highly variable, ranging from sporadic to syndromic causes, with widely disparate levels of severity. This heterogeneity has created inconsistency within RS literature and debate about appropriate workup and treatment. Despite several attempts at stratification, no system has been broadly adopted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n \n We recently presented a novel classification that is summarized by the acronym\n MicroNAPS<\/jats:bold>\n . Each of 5 elements is scored:\n \n Micro<\/jats:underline>\n <\/jats:bold>\n gnathia,\n \n N<\/jats:underline>\n <\/jats:bold>\n utrition,\n \n A<\/jats:underline>\n <\/jats:bold>\n irway,\n \n P<\/jats:underline>\n <\/jats:bold>\n alate,\n \n S<\/jats:underline>\n <\/jats:bold>\n yndrome\/comorbidities, and element scores are summarized into a \u201cstage\u201d.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Testing of this system in a sample of 100 infants from our center found it to be clinically relevant and to predict important management decisions and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We herein present an interactive website (\n www.prscalculator.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n ) and printable reference card for simple application of MicroNAPS, and we advocate for this classification system to be adopted for clinical care and research.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241229892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:13:56Z","timestamp":1706832836000},"page":"710-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Application of the MicroNAPS Classification for Robin Sequence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cory M.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliot","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary-Sleep Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Varidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Fellow in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182074799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.05.031"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","article-title":"MicroNAPS: a novel classification for infants with micrognathia, Robin sequence, and tongue-based airway obstruction","volume":"11","author":"Resnick CM","unstructured":"Resnick CM, Katz E, Varidel A. MicroNAPS: a novel classification for infants with micrognathia, Robin sequence, and tongue-based airway obstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. Sep 2023;11(9):e5283. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005283","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"553","article-title":"The Pierre-Robin syndrome. Classification and new therapeutic approach","volume":"45","author":"Couly G","unstructured":"Couly G, Cheron G, de Blic J, Despres C, Cloup M, Hubert P. The Pierre-Robin syndrome. Classification and new therapeutic approach. Arch Fr Pediatr. Oct 1988;45(8):553-559. Le syndrome de Pierre Robin. Classification et nouvelle approche therapeutique.","journal-title":"Arch Fr Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"934","article-title":"The Pierre Robin sequence: review of 125 cases and evolution of treatment modalities","volume":"93","author":"Caouette-Laberge L","unstructured":"Caouette-Laberge L, Bayet B, Larocque Y. The Pierre Robin sequence: review of 125 cases and evolution of treatment modalities. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1994;93(5):934-942. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006534-199404001-00006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000110323.50084.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/07-129.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318217420d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318240fc7b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2292550317693814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayoux P Daniel SJ Allen G et al. International Pediatric ORL Group (IPOG) Robin Sequence consensus recommendations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Mar 2020;130:109855. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109855. Epub 2019 Dec 28. PMID: 31896499.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0436"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"105566562210881","article-title":"Multimodal treatment of Robin sequence utilizing mandibular distraction osteogenesis and continuous positive airway pressure","author":"Kosyk MS","unstructured":"Kosyk MS, Carlson AR, Zapatero ZD, et al. Multimodal treatment of Robin sequence utilizing mandibular distraction osteogenesis and continuous positive airway pressure. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. Aug 2023;60(8):993-1001:10556656221088173.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1455CI"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell M Werkhaven JA. Cost-effectiveness of polysomnography in the management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. Jun 2020;133:109943. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109943. Epub 2020 Feb 9. PMID: 32086039.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000216413.22408.FD"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.12.019"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"587","article-title":"The Robin anomalad - its nonspecificity and associated syndromes","volume":"34","author":"Cohen MM","unstructured":"Cohen MMJr. The Robin anomalad - its nonspecificity and associated syndromes. J Oral Surg. 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