{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:36:13Z","timestamp":1777523773446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine if the elastic chain premaxillary retraction (ECPR) appliance increases inter-medial and inter-lateral canthal dimension in patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Specialized tertiary care facility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients, Participants<\/jats:title>\n 126 patients with BCLP; 75 had ECPR, 51 had no pre-surgical manipulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Three-dimensional facial photographs were obtained prior to insertion of appliance (T0), post-appliance therapy prior to appliance removal\/labial repair (T1), and several months after labial repair (T2) for a longitudinal ECPR group, and were obtained after age 4 years (T3) for a non-longitudinal ECPR group and for the non-ECPR group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n Inter-medial and inter-lateral canthal dimension (en-en, ex-ex) was determined for all groups\/time-points. Measurements were compared between groups and to norms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean en-en and ex-ex was 32.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2\u2005mm and 84.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3\u2005mm for the ECPR group and 33.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1\u2005mm and 86.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097.2\u2005mm for the non-ECPR group at T3. Inter-medial and inter-lateral canthal dimensions were significantly greater than normal (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05) in both groups; there was no significant difference between groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u2009.05). The mean en-en and ex-ex for the Longitudinal ECPR group was 27.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u2005mm and 66.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7\u2005mm at T0, 29.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u2005mm and 70.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2005mm at T1, and 29.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2005mm and 72.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2005mm at T2. en-en and ex-ex increased significantly from T0-T1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05), decreased at T2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u2009.05) and was significantly larger than normal at all time-points (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Inter-medial and inter-lateral canthal dimension increased after ECPR but returned to baseline growth trajectory. These dimensions were above normal at all time-points. There was no difference between those that did and did not have dentofacial orthopedic manipulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241241200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T02:49:35Z","timestamp":1711075775000},"page":"1195-1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elastic Chain Premaxillary Retraction Appliance Does Not Increase Inter-Canthal Dimension in Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6959-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamad","family":"Burashed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cory M.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA"},{"name":"Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Mulliken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA"},{"name":"Craniofacial Centre, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie L.","family":"Padwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1994_031_0068_eopioo_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1999_036_0486_pnmiiw_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199011000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/03-109.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199905000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"A longitudinal study of morphological craniofacial patterns via P-A Xray headfilms in cleft patients from birth to six years of age","volume":"13","author":"Ishiguro K","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ishiguro K, Krogman W, Mazaheri M, Harding R. 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