{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:36:51Z","timestamp":1777523811568,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize and compare microbiological profiles in tympanostomy tube otorrhea for children with and without cleft palate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric otolaryngology and multidisciplinary cleft\/craniofacial clinic at a single tertiary care center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with and without cleft palate &lt;18 years of age who underwent tympanostomy tube placement between 2017\u20132021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Otopathogen profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns in ear culture specimens obtained in children presenting for treatment of recalcitrant post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 886 children with tympanostomy tubes placed between 2017\u20132021, 345 (38.9%) had clinically significant otorrhea defined as requiring at least one otolaryngology visit for treatment. Children with cleft palate had higher rates of otorrhea (50.0% versus 35.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). In the 128 cultures obtained,\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most common organism in both groups present in 39.8% of cultures; 49% were methicillin-resistant (\n                      <jats:italic>MRSA)<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      was also frequently isolated (20.0% versus 23.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.69) in children with and without cleft palate. Collectively, fluoroquinolone resistance was observed in 68.6% and 27.6% of the\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, respectively, however, no differences in fluoroquinolone resistance were observed between cleft and non-cleft cohorts.\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were isolated more frequently in children with cleft palate (26.7% versus 6.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01), a finding of unclear significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recalcitrant post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea is more common in children with cleft palate.\n                      <jats:italic>MRSA<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most common isolate, which was commonly resistant to first-line fluoroquinolone therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241258567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T04:10:07Z","timestamp":1717647007000},"page":"1363-1369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea: Microbiological Differences Between Children with and Without Cleft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3786-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto N.","family":"Solis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurtis","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar S.","family":"Velazquez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole I.","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis T.","family":"Tollefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig W.","family":"Senders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Funamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.113941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618809228"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813490141","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Tympanostomy tubes in children (update)","volume":"166","author":"Rosenfeld RM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosenfeld RM, Tunkel DE, Schwartz SR, et al. 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