{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:54:12Z","timestamp":1782521652371,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our goal is to address the health literacy gap concerning cleft lip and palate using artificial intelligence (AI), specifically OpenAI's ChatGPT-4, to enhance the readability of patient educational materials (PEMs). Additionally, we aim to explore the integration of interactive educational materials into these resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Websites of craniofacial teams approved by the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PEMs collected from these websites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, we examined the PEMs for interactive educational content such as videos, photos, case examples, and audio clips. Subsequently, we used the WebFX online readability calculator and Grammarly to evaluate the texts\u2019 readability and clarity. After that, we used ChatGPT-4 to simplify the PEM texts to a 6th-grade reading level and re-evaluated their readability and clarity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Readability levels (grade level) and clarity scores of PEMs before and after AI modification, and the presence of interactive educational content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initial evaluations using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level formula showed that the texts were written at a median 9th-grade reading level. Modifications using ChatGPT-4 significantly improved readability, achieving a median 6th-grade level and enhanced clarity. Only 27% of the websites featured interactive educational content, indicating a gap in utilizing educational enhancements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of AI improved the readability and clarity of patient educational materials, aligning with recommended standards. However, the underutilization of interactive tools suggests a need for broader integration of these resources to optimize patient education and engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241289653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T21:16:21Z","timestamp":1728508581000},"page":"65-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bridging Gaps in Health Literacy for Cleft Lip and Palate: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Educational Materials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9944-9601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah A.","family":"Shehab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie E.","family":"Shedd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6478-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed","family":"Alamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, An-Najah National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Mardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uldis","family":"Bite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2082-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed","family":"Gibreel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119678816.iehc0981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rios-Gonz\u00e1lez CM. 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