{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:37:35Z","timestamp":1777523855237,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Oral Health New Zealand","award":["MH0008 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH0008 2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between clinical, biomechanical, and psychosocial factors and smiling behavior in individuals with treated unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P) compared to non-cleft controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter observational study in New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals aged \u226515 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200942) comprised 2 study groups: a UCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921) and a non-cleft control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants viewed an amusing video while their facial expressions were recorded. Smile features were automatically detected via software. A clinical outcome, nasolabial esthetics, was scored using the Asher-McDade system. Perioral biomechanical properties were measured via myotonometry. Smile Esthetics-related Quality of Life (SERQoL), Orofacial Esthetics Scale (OES), and personality (IPIP-NEO-60) questionnaires were completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Smile features and personality traits did not differ between the groups. Participants with UCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P exhibited higher stiffness (+44.2%; Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20091.6) and tone (+22.6%; Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.9) at the cleft scar site, and higher decrement (or lower elasticity, +8.5%; Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.8) adjacent to the scar. Nasolabial esthetics and elasticity of the scar correlated with the duration of smiles and relative smile time (\u22120.50\u2009&lt;\u2009R\u2009&lt;\u2009\u22120.44;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Participants in the UCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P group had lower scores for the OES and higher impacts on SERQoL for social contacts and dental self-confidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents and adults with UCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P exhibit similar smile behavior as their cleft-free peers\u2014at least in non-social settings. Nasolabial esthetics and perioral biomechanical properties are associated with propensity to smile. UCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P is negatively associated with smile-related quality of life and an individual's perception of their facial appearance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241291649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T03:12:57Z","timestamp":1733368377000},"page":"49-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Clinical, Biomechanical, and Psychosocial Factors with Smile Dynamics in Unilateral Cleft Lip: A Multicenter Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Lucinda","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Firth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3920-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Bennani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Noble","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Farella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665619896681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/03-142.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221125377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620922096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(97)91275-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618769660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0310_conbip_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/13-104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/14-178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3782-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-010.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620924871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Facial Action Coding System: Manual","author":"Ekman P","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ekman P, Friesen WV. 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