{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:51:58Z","timestamp":1790650318584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the content and sources of TikTok posts regarding cleft conditions; to examine the quality and reliability of educational content related to cleft conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional, observational study of cleft-related TikTok content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Setting<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Participants<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Interventions<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A\u202f<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequencies of TikTok post likes, views, comments, shares, and saves; engagement rate; post themes; and post educational content accuracy, quality, and reliability (assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool and modified DISCERN [mDISCERN] rating scales).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 252 cleft-related TikTok posts were reviewed.\u202fMost posts were created by family members of patients (n\u2009=\u2009193, 76.59%), while posts from plastic surgeons were underrepresented (n\u2009=\u200911, 4.37%). Positive Messages were the most common video theme (n\u2009=\u200980; 31.75%), and 24 (9.52%) of the TikTok posts were classified as providing educational content. Plastic surgeons had the highest mDISCERN score (2.75) among all content creator categories, indicating more accurate and reliable educational content. When content creator categories were stratified by physician versus nonphysician creators, physician posts had significantly higher mDISCERN scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001). Despite objectively better educational content, plastic surgeons had the lowest engagement rate (1.82%), while family members had the highest engagement rate (7.04%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cleft teams should anticipate that patients and their caregivers will most likely access social media to learn more about cleft conditions and seek support. Patients and caregivers should be urged to stay cautious of the information they find online and ideally be offered reputable sources of information and support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241297557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T01:47:17Z","timestamp":1734918437000},"page":"281-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CleftTok: An Analysis of Cleft-Related Content on TikTok"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6718-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan","family":"Richlak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Umbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0040-6396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canice E.","family":"Crerand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2011.01244.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/16-156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665619884447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221127552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665619866349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221142194"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620913176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2014.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"\u201cHow to Calculate TikTok Engagement Rate [Updated 2024]\u201d. 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