{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:15:21Z","timestamp":1789211721445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to quantify analgesic use following alveolar cleft bone grafting (ABG) utilizing a posterior iliac crest (PIC) donor site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients that underwent ABG with PIC in a 10 month period from November 2022 to September 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary care free-standing pediatric hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with cleft lip and alveolus with or without cleft of the secondary palate undergoing alveolar bone graft with cancellous marrow from the PIC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients underwent ABG and recorded analgesic use afterwards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main outcome variable was total pain medication utilization during the first 10 postoperative days (PODs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      22 subjects (72.7% male, 54.5% Caucasian 72.7% unilateral and 27.3% bilateral clefts) recorded pain medication use. Total duration of analgesic use (any type) was 3.86\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 postoperative days. 10 subjects (45.5%) did not use opioid medication postoperatively. The remaining 12 subjects (54.5%) used a median of 12 (0, 19) morphine milli-equivalents (MME), equal to 1.6 (0, 2.53) doses of 5 mg oxycodone. An average of 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6\u202fdoses of acetaminophen and 9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7 doses of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) were administered. No subject used opioids after POD3. Patients with unilateral clefts used more acetaminophen (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02); otherwise, there were no significant differences in outcomes based on any predictor variable (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analgesic requirements after ABG with PIC were minimal, with nearly half of patients taking no postoperative opioids. As such, judicious opioid prescribing is prudent. \u202f<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241309157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T04:12:32Z","timestamp":1736741552000},"page":"648-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Much Pain Medication Do Patients Require After Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft to the Alveolar Cleft?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9759-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Deek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Fellow, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snigdha","family":"Jindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's 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